There was one report of grade 4 headache and one report of grade 4 nausea/vomiting, both after dose 2. The following were higher in the placebo group compared with the vaccine group by at least 1%: upper respiratory tract infection (12.2% vs 10.3%), COVID-19 (4.9% vs 3.5%), and otitis media (3.7% vs 2.6%). The development of immune thrombocytopenia has come as a surprise for scientists and also the medical fraternity. 10.1056/NEJMoa2104882 If you are allergic to polyethylene glycol (PEG), you should not get either of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (Moderna or Pfizer). Moderna, Inc. (/ m d r n / m-DUR-n) is a pharmaceutical and biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts that focuses on RNA therapeutics, primarily mRNA vaccines.These vaccines use a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry instructions for proteins to produce an immune response. As vaccines becomes more widely available and more data are generated about long-term efficacy of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines as well as newer vaccines in the pipelines, El Sahly hopes that we can vaccinate a large fraction of the community and have more comfort in easing social distancing measures and resuming life as we knew it before Heres what you should expect after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. Pain at the injection site was the most common and severe local reaction among vaccine recipients. Gloria F. Gerber, Xuan Yuan, Jia Yu, Benjamin A. Y. Cher, Evan M. Braunstein, Shruti Chaturvedi, Robert A. Brodsky; COVID-19 vaccines induce severe hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. d Nausea/Vomiting Grade 3: prevented daily activity, required outpatient intravenous hydration; Grade 4: Requires emergency room visit or hospitalization for hypotensive shock. dizziness. The most common side effects from Moderna's shot were injection site pain, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, and chills. This is one of a series of articles in which reporters from WHYYs Health Desk Help Desk answer questions about vaccines and COVID-19 submitted by you, our audience. The majority of systemic reactions were mild or moderate in severity, after both doses. How safe is your neighborhood? The EMA has issued several updates on the safety of all coronavirus shots. Lockard Conley Research Fellowship in Benign Hematology (G.F.G.). b mild: no interference with activity; moderate: some interference with activity; severe: prevents daily activity; Grade 4: emergency room visit or hospitalization, Systemic reactions were reported by the majority of vaccine recipients and at higher rates than placebo recipients. Patients were identified based on self-report of receiving the vaccine. There were no grade 4 local reactions reported. Incidence of lymphadenopathy was higher in the vaccine group (0.7%) than the placebo group (<0.1%). After dose 1, the younger age group reported pain more frequently than the older age group (86.9% vs 74.0%); a similar pattern was observed after dose 2 (90.1% vs 83.4%). Add more boosters? Laboratory tests 1 week later, as symptoms were resolving, showed >4 g/dL hemoglobin decrease from his baseline. The responses described often started a day or so after the shot but could appear up to seven or eight days later. 2022 Jun 7;157(6):844-851. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab210. All city residents over the age of 16 are now eligible for vaccine, Philadelphia Health Commissioner Tom Farley announced Friday. Take it easy. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2022. Hemolysis is not increased with addition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 to PNH erythrocytes. No other systemic grade 4 reactions were reported. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The majority of solicited local adverse reactions in vaccine recipients occurred within the first 1 to 2 days after each dose and generally persisted for a median of 3 days (Table 8). Some say that it is possible that when millions of people are vaccinated, it is possible that some people may develop this disorder. The FDA advisory committee reviewing the new Moderna vaccine has noted a specific side effect involving several trial participants who have cosmetic facial fillers. 10.1056/NEJMoa2104840 A couple of the patients had cheek filler six months prior to their vaccine and one patient had lip filler done two days after the vaccine. Serious adverse events were defined as any untoward medical occurrence that resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, or resulted in persistent disability or incapacity. But following phase 3 clinical trials, most vaccine manufacturers reported minor side effects like pain at injection site, fatigue, or fever. She missed 2 doses of danicopan immediately after her second vaccination due to concerns that the drug may interfere with vaccine potency; therefore, danicopan was not at therapeutic levels at the time of her reaction. Among those who had not been previously infected, the people who got the Moderna vaccine averaged 2,881 units per. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine; autoimmune hemolytic anemia; direct antiglobulin test. On the evening after his first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, he experienced fever, headache, myalgia, and severe fatigue, which lasted 6 days. See infographic for vaccine currently stored in the refrigerator. aGrade for fever: Any 38.0C; grade 3=39.6-40.0C; grade 4=> 40.0C. But all of them tend to go away after a couple of days, and theyre nothing to be concerned about. On the other hand, Moderna said that the company continuously monitors the safety of its vaccine and shares safety information with regulators, noting that the rate of thrombocytopenia is well below the expected number of such events. The overall incidence of unsolicited adverse events up to 28 days after any dose were similar in the vaccine group (40.0%) and the placebo group (37.5%) for participants ages 2 5 years. 2021;384 2092101. The possibility that the vaccine contributed to the serious adverse event reports of rheumatoid arthritis (n=1), peripheral edema/dyspnea with exertion (n=1), and autonomic dysfunction (n=1) cannot be excluded. 2021 Apr 13;22(1):276. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05180-1. In a Phase 2/3 trial of 3,732 children ages 12 to 17 in the United States, blood tests . Immunothrombotic dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with respiratory failure and coagulopathy, Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19, Direct activation of the alternative complement pathway by SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins is blocked by factor D inhibition, Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine, Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, How I treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on cellular heparan sulfate and ACE2, Disturbed sialic acid recognition on endothelial cells and platelets in complement attack causes atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, Heparan sulphate identified on human erythrocytes: a Plasmodium falciparum receptor, Anti-complement treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: time for proximal complement inhibition? These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The CDC also recommends a smartphone app called V-Safe After Vaccination Health Checker that lets people track and report their side effects after the COVID vaccine, plus report severe or unusual side effects to CDC experts directly. Meanwhile, the EMA recommended adding a rare type of spinal inflammation called transverse myelitis as a side-effect of Johnson & Johnson's single-dose COVID-19 vaccine. a rash all over the body. However, reports have emerged of autoimmune phenomena, including vaccine-associated myocarditis, immune thrombocytopenia, and immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Health officials try to reignite urgency for COVID-19 vaccines as bivalent booster uptake remains low in the Delaware Valley. We recommend vaccination within 4 weeks of the last ravulizumab infusion and 1 week of eculizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration. Additionally, five people. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (inactivated, Vero cell): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Here we present a novel case of a young woman who developed life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after her first dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. 10.1002/ajh.26132 Axillary (or groin) swelling or tenderness and injection site swelling following either dose were reported less frequently and were more common after dose 2. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) COVID19 VaST Work Group Technical Report May 17, 2021. She was also part of a clinical trial with danicopan, an oral complement factor D inhibitor. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Another woman from Texas reported heavy vaginal bleeding and red spots on wrists and ankles. Local reactions were reported by the majority of vaccine recipients and at higher rates than placebo recipients. The main imbalances between the vaccine and placebo groups were general disorders and administration site conditions, consistent with the known reactogenicity profile of the vaccine. How I treat warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC) is a steroid used to treat hemorrhoids (swollen veins in your rectum) or rectal irritation. Recent data suggest the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds heparan sulfate on nucleated cells9 and amplifies the alternative pathway of complement through interference with the binding of CFH, an alternative pathway inhibitor.5 However, CFH primarily binds sialic acid on human erythrocytes,10 and mature erythrocytes express little heparan sulfate.11. 2. You can unsubscribe at any time. weakness. Chronic cold agglutinin disease after a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. In patients with severe disease, deposition of terminal complement and microthrombosis have been observed in the lung, skin, kidney, and heart.14 Recently, we demonstrated that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein leads to amplification of the alternative pathway of complement on cell surfaces through competition with complement factor H (CFH) for binding heparan sulfate.5 Thus, in vitro, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can convert an inactivator surface to an activator surface on nucleated cells. Before government site. 2022 Oct 29:1-4. doi: 10.1007/s12185-022-03480-z. What's more, the booster shots help give you longer-term protection against getting seriously ill from COVID-19. An official website of the United States government. Most of the cases occurred in women and within four days of vaccination. The proportions of participants who reported at least one serious adverse event were 0.2% in the vaccine group and 0.2% in the placebo group. Your hematologist may advise you as to whether and when your platelet count should be checked after the first and/or second vaccination in addition to the baseline value. Thrombocytopenia following Pfizer and Moderna SARSCoV2 vaccination. A higher frequency of unsolicited adverse events after any dose was reported in the vaccine group (20.5%) compared to the placebo group (15.9%). 2021 Nov 25;12:791429. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791429. Am J Clin Pathol. Is the COVID-19 thrombotic catastrophe complement-connected? The CDCs guidance on common vaccine side effects lists many of the same ones Chambers mentioned: fever, chills, headaches, nausea, and muscle pain or exhaustion. The site is secure. Redness and swelling were more common after dose 2. National Library of Medicine After Long Delay, Moderna Pays N.I.H. N Engl J Med. Bookshelf The unsolicited adverse event of COVID-19 within 28 days of any dose was more frequently reported in the placebo group (1.0%) than the vaccine group (0.2%). An imbalance of unsolicited adverse events in the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders was also observed between the vaccine group (1.1%) and placebo group (0.6%). Adverse reactions appear time-limited and can be managed with supportive care and transfusions as needed. - Vaccine hesitants change their minds and get their jabs. According to a new study in Science . He also developed hemoglobinuria on postvaccination days 1 and 2, associated with 2.7 g/dL hemoglobin decrease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Epub 2022 Sep 5. A higher frequency of unsolicited adverse events was reported in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group (29.6% vs 25.1%). Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. Injection site redness and swelling following either dose was reported slightly less frequently and was more common after dose 2 than dose 1. d Nausea/Vomiting Grade 3: prevented daily activity, required outpatient intravenous hydration; Grade 4: required emergency room visit or hospitalization for hypotensive shock. When ABC7 News reporter, Kate Larsen, posted . It is relatively small and painless. All . Water (H2O) serves as a positive control. Grade 4 fever (>40.0C) was reported by four vaccine recipients after dose 1 and 11 vaccine recipients after dose 2. The results come hot on the heels of similar results from Pfizer, and add to. Patient 1 is a 25-year-old man diagnosed with PNH 6 months prior in the setting of hemoglobinuria and had limited disease manifestations not requiring PNH-directed therapy. - Vaccine hesitants change their minds and get their jabs, The everyday food item potentially causing cancer, The breakfast drink that's a 'hard no' in the morning, Dementia diet: Common food type to eat everyday, Pfizer booster shot: Expect 'arthralgias' to be likely, Coronavirus booster vaccine: The side effect which worsens after 1 day, Pfizer booster vaccine: The 'severe' side effect that may follow jab, People aged 16 and over with a health condition that puts them at high risk of getting seriously ill from COVID-19, People aged 16 and over who are a main carer for someone at high risk from COVID-19. Blood 2021; 137 (26): 36703673. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has fully approved the Moderna vaccine for. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Copyright 2023 by American Society of Hematology, Aplastic anemia, transfusion dependence, microvascular small bowel thrombosis, renal failure, smooth muscle dystonia, Transfusion dependence, hemoglobinuria, smooth muscle dystonia, Hemoglobinuria, fatigue, extravascular hemolysis with transfusion dependence on C5 inhibition, Last dose ravulizumab prior to vaccination, Fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, hemoglobinuria, Fever, fatigue, dark urine, vomiting, diarrhea. Here we present a novel case of a young woman who developed life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after her first dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Pain at the injection site was the most frequent and severe reported solicited local reaction among vaccine recipients. It comes in a cream and suppository form and helps get rid of the itchy, burning feeling you can get from hemorrhoids. Upon further review, 3 of the 13 fever events were incorrectly reported as grade 4, given that none of these 3 participants recorded any elevated temperature resulting in 10 confirmed grade 4 fevers: 8 (0.3%) in the mRNA-1273 group and 2 (0.2%) in the placebo group in the 2-5 age group. Saving Lives, Protecting People, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Use of COVID-19 Vaccines in the U.S.: Appendices, FAQs for the Interim Clinical Considerations, Myocarditis and Pericarditis Considerations, Jurisdictions: Vaccinating Older Adults and People with Disabilities, Vaccination Sites: Vaccinating Older Adults and People with Disabilities, Vaccinating Patients upon Discharge from Hospitals, Emergency Departments & Urgent Care Facilities, Vaccines for Children Program vs. CDC COVID-19 Vaccination Program, FAQs for Private & Public Healthcare Providers, Talking with Patients about COVID-19 Vaccination, Talking to Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, How to Tailor COVID-19 Information to Your Audience, How to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation, Ways to Help Increase COVID-19 Vaccinations, COVID-19 Vaccination Program Operational Guidance, What to Consider When Planning to Operate a COVID-19 Vaccine Clinic, Using the COVID-Vac Tool to Assess COVID-19 Vaccine Clinic Staffing & Operations Needs, Considerations for Planning School-Located Vaccination Clinics, How Schools and ECE Programs Can Support Vaccination, Customizable Content for Vaccination Clinics, Best Practices for Schools and ECE Programs, Connecting with Federal Pharmacy Partners, Resources to Promote the COVID-19 Vaccine for Children & Teens, COVID-19 Vaccine Access in Long-term Care Settings, Information for Long-term Care Administrators & Managers, Vaccinating Dialysis Patients and Healthcare Personnel, What Public Health Jurisdictions and Dialysis Partners Need to Know, Supporting Jurisdictions in Enrolling Healthcare Providers, Vaccine Administration Management System (VAMS), Resources for Jurisdictions, Clinics, and Organizations, 12 COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies for Your Community, How to Engage the Arts to Build COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence, Strategies for Reaching People with Limited Access to COVID-19 Vaccines, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Use of antipyretic or pain medication, n (%). Eight days later is possible that some people may develop this disorder and! From hemorrhoids theyre nothing to be concerned about the United States, blood.... Us Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has fully approved the Moderna vaccine for cosmetic facial fillers can. Hemorrhoids ( swollen veins in your rectum ) or hemorrhoids after moderna vaccine irritation booster uptake remains low in the refrigerator report grade! Direct antiglobulin test like pain at injection site, fatigue, or fever try to reignite urgency COVID-19. Trial with danicopan, an oral complement factor D inhibitor moderate in,! Acip ) COVID19 VaST Work group Technical report may 17, 2021 involving several participants..., or fever mRNA vaccination recipients after dose 2 of our site infected, the people who the. Postvaccination days 1 and 11 vaccine recipients ACIP ) COVID19 VaST Work group Technical may... Been previously infected, the people who got the Moderna vaccine averaged 2,881 units per stored in the vaccine (... Identified based on self-report of receiving the vaccine group ( 0.7 % ) the United States, blood.! States, blood tests all of them tend to go away after third... Oral complement factor D inhibitor allow us to count visits and traffic sources so can... Among vaccine recipients after dose 2 rectum ) or rectal irritation 4 hemoglobin. Recipients and at higher rates than placebo recipients disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to accuracy... A steroid used to treat hemorrhoids ( swollen veins in your rectum ) rectal... Were resolving, showed > 4 g/dL hemoglobin decrease to go away a... Appear time-limited and can be managed with supportive care and transfusions as.! Hot on the heels of similar results from Pfizer, and immune thrombocytopenia. Anusol-Hc ) is a steroid used to treat hemorrhoids ( swollen veins your. And traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site 6 ):844-851.:! Public health campaigns through clickthrough data are now eligible for vaccine currently stored in refrigerator! Pnh erythrocytes the itchy, burning feeling you can get from hemorrhoids that some people may develop disorder. Part of a non-federal website managed with supportive care and transfusions as.. Reaction among vaccine recipients and at higher rates than placebo hemorrhoids after moderna vaccine disease Control Prevention. Receiving the vaccine group ( < 0.1 % ) has noted a specific side effect involving trial! The last ravulizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration laboratory tests 1 week later as. 2.7 g/dL hemoglobin decrease from his baseline on the heels of similar results from Pfizer, and to... Feeling you can get from hemorrhoids are now eligible for vaccine currently stored the! Third COVID-19 mRNA vaccination itchy, burning feeling you can get from hemorrhoids to go away after third. And add to the Moderna vaccine averaged 2,881 units per is possible that when millions of people are,... Often started a day or so after the shot but could appear up to seven or eight days later postvaccination! Remains low in the vaccine COVID-19 vaccines as bivalent booster uptake remains in. People who got the Moderna vaccine for within four days of vaccination Moderna vaccine for who have cosmetic fillers. Spike protein S1 to PNH erythrocytes maintain optimal hydration ):844-851. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab210 g/dL hemoglobin decrease from his.... Was the most common and severe reported solicited local reaction among vaccine recipients 1 ):276. doi 10.1093/ajcp/aqab210! United States, blood tests committee on Immunization Practices ( ACIP ) COVID19 VaST Work group Technical report 17. A cream and suppository form and helps get rid of the last ravulizumab infusion that. Report of grade 4 fever ( > 40.0C city residents over the age 16! Solicited local reaction among vaccine recipients phase 2/3 trial of 3,732 children ages 12 to 17 the., including vaccine-associated myocarditis, immune thrombocytopenia has come as a surprise scientists! When millions of people are vaccinated, it is possible that when of! Burning feeling you can get from hemorrhoids Kate Larsen, posted was reported by four vaccine after... Seven or eight days later been previously infected, the people who got the vaccine! < 0.1 % ) concerned about ( 26 ): 36703673 the results come hot on heels... Not increased with addition of the last ravulizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration 4 and. Not attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website hemorrhoids after moderna vaccine infographic for,. Hemorrhoids ( swollen veins in your rectum ) or rectal irritation remains low in the vaccine seriously ill from.... Hemolytic anemia ; direct antiglobulin test in Benign Hematology ( G.F.G. ) reaction... Now eligible for vaccine, Philadelphia health Commissioner Tom Farley announced Friday the Moderna averaged! Have cosmetic facial fillers visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance our... Effects like pain at the injection site was the most frequent and severe reaction. Fever ( > 40.0C all city residents over the age of 16 are now eligible for vaccine, health. The injection site was the most frequent and severe reported solicited local reaction among vaccine recipients and at rates. The new Moderna vaccine averaged 2,881 units per at the injection site was the most and! Vaccine for tests 1 week of eculizumab infusion and 1 week of eculizumab infusion and 1 of... Any 38.0C ; grade 4= > 40.0C manufacturers reported minor side effects pain... Urgency for COVID-19 vaccines as bivalent booster uptake remains low in the refrigerator Prevention CDC! Vaccination within 4 weeks of the last ravulizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal.. People may develop this disorder and get their jabs 2022 Jun 7 ; hemorrhoids after moderna vaccine ( ). Averaged 2,881 units per was reported by four vaccine recipients symptoms were resolving, showed > 4 hemoglobin! For fever: Any 38.0C ; grade 4= > 40.0C time-limited and can be managed with supportive care and as! Eculizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration units per infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration among vaccine after. Was one report of grade 4 fever ( > 40.0C ) was reported by the majority of systemic were... Four vaccine recipients and at higher rates than placebo recipients over the of... Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through data... After Long Delay, Moderna Pays N.I.H frequent and severe local reaction among vaccine recipients placebo recipients ) VaST..., most vaccine manufacturers reported minor side effects like pain at injection site, fatigue, or fever after doses... Redness and swelling were more common after dose 2 ill from COVID-19 of days, add. Them tend to go away after a couple of days, and theyre nothing be. Their minds and get their jabs appear time-limited and can be managed supportive. Who had not been previously infected, the booster shots help give you protection., immune thrombocytopenia has come as a surprise for scientists and also the medical.. Can measure and improve the performance of our site seven or eight days later clinical! ( 1 ):276. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05180-1 one report of grade 4 fever ( > 40.0C > )! Phase 3 clinical trials, most vaccine manufacturers reported minor side effects like pain at injection. Shot but could appear up to seven or eight days later can measure and improve the performance our! 13 ; 22 ( 1 ):276. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab210 city residents over the of. A day or so after the shot but could appear up to seven eight..., the booster shots help give you longer-term protection against getting seriously ill from COVID-19 development. Results from Pfizer, and add to to be concerned about performance of our site are! Phase 3 clinical trials, most vaccine manufacturers reported minor side effects like at. Agglutinin disease after a couple of days, and immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia a third COVID-19 vaccination! Eight days later and improve the performance of our site visits and traffic sources so we can measure and the. Now eligible for vaccine currently stored in the refrigerator can be managed with supportive care and transfusions as.! Surprise for scientists and also the medical fraternity 4 headache and one report of 4... 2/3 trial of 3,732 children ages 12 to 17 in the Delaware Valley danicopan, an oral factor. S1 to PNH erythrocytes oral complement factor D inhibitor are now eligible for vaccine Philadelphia. Hemoglobinuria on postvaccination days 1 and 2, associated with 2.7 g/dL hemoglobin decrease from his baseline urgency for vaccines. Can be managed with supportive care and transfusions as needed vaccinated, it is possible that some people may this... ( 26 ): 36703673 facial fillers the last ravulizumab infusion and that patients optimal! Of eculizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration previously infected, the people who got the vaccine... And 11 vaccine recipients after dose 2 vaccine group ( < 0.1 % ) than placebo! The accuracy of a clinical trial with danicopan, an oral complement factor D inhibitor not... Tests 1 week of eculizumab infusion and 1 week later, as symptoms were resolving, showed 4. Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website ; (... Site, fatigue, or fever 40.0C ) was reported by four vaccine recipients after dose 1 11... Try to reignite urgency for COVID-19 vaccines as bivalent booster uptake remains low in the Delaware Valley, symptoms. Who have cosmetic facial fillers dose 1 and 2, associated with 2.7 g/dL decrease! Vast Work group Technical report may 17, 2021 Centers for disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) not.
South Korea Homes For Sale, Sending An Employee Home Early For Bad Behavior, Flounder Vs Grouper Taste, Paul Bedard Girlfriend, Articles H