However, partition had taken place two days earlier and there was little to be done. According to the deal, Pakistan received a 75-million portion of the revenue. Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem. In the matter of embarrassing Pakistan on financial terms, Indian showcase honesty towards Pakistan in the matters where they did witness their own advantage. My thoughts are those valiant fighters in our cause who readily sacrificed all they had, From its very inception, Pakistan faced a large number of problems. The princely states of Dir, Swat, Chitral Amb, Hunza, Gilgit and Bahawalpur also joined Pakistan. Pakistan could not accept this, so sent troops to help Kashmir to help the Muslims. All Indian princely states were given the right to link up with either of dominions. requirements? He objected to what the Indian government was doing and took took steps to try to persuade them to pay the money it was holding. These were early problems of Pakistan or initial problems of Pakistan. The, roads were in shabby and irreparable condition. 750 million, but the Independence they refused to do so. Pakistan also didnt receive the due share of the military assets. The only answer was for Muslims to move into Pakistan and non-Muslims to move into India. report, Initial problems of Pakistan. Description. The loss of Calcutta dispute with India over the territory of Kashmir resulted in constant hostility between the two neighbours and actual wars. (e) We Badly Lag in Social Indicators. Each state had its own laws, collected its own taxes, and in some cases kept its own army. There was an establishment set up of the boundary commission that was arranged under the supervision of British Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. This forum is not monitored 24/7. What makes Pakistan such a weak state?, 21. It was a complete unjust. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. They did not want to see Pakistan become strong military military, especially as they were fighting in Kashmir. Education is considered as the cheapest defense of a nation. Your email address will not be published. Junagadh Sub-district of Ajnala in Amritsar district The violence was sometimes orchestrated by the local authorities and many Muslim historians believe that Hindus and Sikhs had an organised programme for the massacre of Muslim refugees. In the years immediately before partition, there was widespread violence between the Muslims and the non-Muslims communities across India. Some time even Pakistan forced to purchase water from India. Education is very important for every human being. The armed forces personnel were given freedom to opt for whichever country they wanted. It was time to establish Pakistan as a viable member of the world community. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Sub-district of Nakadar and Jullundur in Jullundur district Aware The Students With The Growing Problems Of The World And Find The Best Solution. migrants were looted and had to be provided boarding immediately as they reached Pakistan. Pakistan received only 200 million. A big initial problem for Pakistan was that its army comprising of 150,000 men needed 4,000 officers. The result of the division of military assets in 1947 was that Pakistan started its existence with a seriously under-resourced military force. Inflation 5. Regional disparity is also a major cause. The Government of Pakistan, could not get enough time to set up workable administrative machinery because of the great, difficulties created by Congress. In 1947 it had been decided that old British India should be divided into two new countries, Pakistan and India. The population of Junagadh State, a small coastal state 300 miles south east of Karachi, was mostly Hindu. Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them . Pakistan is facing a health crisis with rising rates of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which disproportionately affect poor families, with possible side effects of disability and premature death, and worsening poverty as people pay for medical treatment out of their own pockets. var _Hasync= _Hasync|| []; INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED AFTER THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN INTRODUCTION: Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. Around 90% of the people lived in country and there were only 8 towns with a population of more than 10,000 (Karachi, Lahore, Dhaka , Hyderabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Sialkot and Peshawar) . The Indian demanded that Pakistan should pay for the water. And soon shall Pakistan make its way to the soaring heights of Progress and development. Your name. Though 62 years have been passed and 23 policies and action plans have been introduced yet the educational sector is waiting for an arrival of a savior. You will get quality. Pakistan refused to accept this result and protested to the United Nations, but the situation was not resolved. The Nawab and his family escaped to Karachi. Others fled from violence and often arrived in their new country with nothing at all. This led to more orderly evacuation of refugees from one country to the other, but it did not completely end the violence. It was agreed that the assets were to be divided on the ratio of 17 to India and 5 to Pakistan. Not surprisingly, it was extremely difficult for these people to be accommodated. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. Before partition Mountbatten had urged the Maharaja to hold referendum to see what his people wanted to do. Nobody can deny that in the early year predominant leadership of Quaid-e-Azam was a source of strength for Pakistan. As the website administrator, Shahzad Faisal Malik is dedicated to providing high-quality content and fostering a welcoming and engaging community for readers. CSS Exam | Initial Problems of Pakistan Post Independence | Pakistan Affairs, PA | Sir Umer Mukhtar 2,945 views Jul 29, 2020 There were a myriad of issues with Pakistan since its. Assets were divided after independence. Pakistan came into being as a free Muslim state in quite unfavorable circumstances .It had no resources, it had no resources, it had to build up its administrative machinery from a scratch. In our town we did not have any record of communal violence. This referendum has not been held and the Kashmir Issue remains a major source of discontent between the two countries today. Over 20,000 fled to Pakistan and finally the Muslims rose in rebellion. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. India attacked Hyderabad on 13th September 1948 and forcibly annexed this state to india. A Muslim ruler who in 1937 was the richest man in the world with a fortunate of US $ 1.4 Billion-tried to remain independent. Copyright 2023 service.graduateway.com. The very first problem faced by the side of Pakistan was the choice of capital all along with the establishment of the Government side. India was split up on the bases of religion which has created bitter relations between the populations of these three countries., When India achieved independence from Britain in 1947, the country split into two regions; with certain regions consisting of at least 75% Muslims; were to become Pakistan, while the rest would shape India. Representatives of Bengal boundary Comission. Copyright 2023. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your It is an alarming and unsolved problem yet. So began what happens was the largest migration ever witnessed in the history of mankind and also some of the worst scenes of communal violence. PMS Past Papers 2009. The communication and transportation, est Pakistan, comparatively, was in better, two wings were scarce and negligible which were insufficient to meet the national, Pakistan came into being under the most appalling conditions. The two wings of Pakistan were separated by about a thousand miles of land that belonged to India. It raises the productivity and efficiency of individuals and thus produces skilled manpower that is capable of leading the economy towards the path of sustainable economic development. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The low enrolment rates at the primary level, wide disparities between regions and gender, lack of trained teachers, deficiency of proper teaching materials and poor physical infrastructure of schools indicate the poor performance of this sector. Kashmir is the natural part of. Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor, General, Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as Prime, Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons was, A boundary commission was set up under a British, Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. It was decided that the Reserve bank of India should continue to function in the dominion of Pakistan until September 30, 1948 due to administrative and technical difficulties involved in immediately establishing and operating a Central Bank., They divided India in seven parts and left a wound named Pakistan in body of India.Actually they benefited from India., Prior to creation as a modern state in 1947, the area of modern Pakistan was both ruled by local kings and under various imperial power throughout different time periods. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. assume youre on board with our, Evaluation of 2006 M/T Solar 1 Oil Spill in the Guimaras Strait, https://graduateway.com/initial-problems-of-pakistan/. MUSLIM SCIENTIST IBN HAYTHAM? This essay was written by a fellow student. The Indian government sent troops to surrounded the state. The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was secretly with the Government of India, declared Kashmir as, a part of India. Its ruler was maharaja hari singh. Short Note on Muhammad bin Qasim in English, List Of Chief Election Commissioner Of Pakistan, List Of Minister Of Foreign Affairs Of Pakistan, List Of Speakers Of Provincial Assemblies Of Pakistan. Representatives of Punjab Boundary Commission, From Pakistan, Justice Din Muhammad and Justice Muhammad Munir. Diogenes Laertius. From its very inception , Pakistan faced a large number of problems . This Website Was Founded In June 2020. The leaders of India had accepted the partition of the subcontinent in the expectation that Pakistan would not be able to survive. It was decided by the British administration that Pakistan and India would receive a share of the assets. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. 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Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. It was his ceaseless work and great leadership skills that ensured that Pakistan not only survived, but flourished. On 14 August 1947 Quiad-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah took oath as the Governor General of Pakistan. The Indian government promised not to interfere with the supply of water to Pakistan. These all are brain blasting and heart pinching for all true Pakistanis., On the 18, July 1947 India declared its independence from the British Empire after almost 200 years of being rule over the country. Mountbatten had appointed sir Cyril Radcliffe to head a Boundary commission to establish the new borders, particularly in Bengal and Punjab. Unfair Boundary Distribution 3.Division of Military Assets 4.Division of financial assets: 5. 10. The teachers in government schools are not well trained. The Fundamental Aim Behind This, To Provide The Quality Of Knowledge To The Aspirants. But due to noncooperation of India, this problem is still unsolved. Indian help came only after the Maharaja agreed to accede to India. The vast distance between them also meant that there were significant differences and outlook between the people of the two different regions. On the day Quiad-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah flew to Karachi in Mountbattens Dakota plane, Dawn newspapers headlines declared: Jinnah wishes Hindustan Peace and prosperity. Quaid-e-Azam was made the Governor General, and Liaquat Ali Khan was given the control of the Prime Minister. Choose skilled expert on your subject and get original paper with free plagiarism In some areas attacks were carried out to allow for migration. Regional Disparity 3. The British were, at first, reluctant to divide the armed forces but eventually it was agreed that they should be split 36% to 44% between Pakistan and India. India claimed hat as the headworks were in its country it had complete rights to do what it wanted with the water. Education plays a vital role in human capital formation. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees' problems and distribution of armed and military assets. Estimating the value of education, the Government should take solid steps on this issue. Existing communal tensions and Hindu-Muslim differences have also been blamed for the split. Provincial Disharmony 7. Pakistan has made numerous demands that the United Nations Organization resolve the dispute, but so far, it has been impossible to reach agreement. Promotion of the primary education is the need of time. At partition the states were told that they could stay independent but Lord Mountbatten advised them to choose between joining India or Pakistan. Indeed some historians have gone as far as suggesting that really it was five different nations. It was like a festival, at least at my place people were very expectant, hopeful of things to come. Economic Problems 6.Issue of national language 7.Electricity Problem By July 1947, the question of partition was resolved with the fulfillment of the demand for Pakistan., INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED AFTER THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN. Soon after its, establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. He declared that Pakistan has come to exist for ever; but the new nation faced many initial problems before it could feel secure. (c) Government spends more than it earns as Revenues. In 1947 some of them, particularly Baluchistan and the Bengal, were not completely sure they now wanted to transfer allegiance to a new Pakistan, where once again the official language Urdu, would not be the one they spoke. According to that agreement India was allocated the use of two Eastern Rivers namely Ravi and Sutlej whereas three western Rivers Indus, Jehlum and Chenab were given to Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam died on 11th September 1948. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. Of the three wars fought between India and Pakistan, two were a result of Pakistan's incursion in the Indian-controlled territory. He has a strong background in Competitive Exams and is passionate and sharing information with others. Share & Embed "Initial Problems of Pakistan" Please copy and paste this embed script to where you want to embed . Revisionist historians question whether Jinnah even wanted partition and have suggested that the 'Pakistan' demand was simply a bargaining counter to gain recognition for Muslims. Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. 94% found this document useful (16 votes), 94% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 6% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Initial Problems of Pakistan For Later, The emergence of Pakistan, after a long and arduous freedom movement, was in-fact a great, victory of the democratic idea of life. Developed By Perfexcode. Following are the problems in education in Pakistan. Muslims regiments went to Pakistan and non-Muslims to India. LUMS, IBA, GIKI etc these institutions are meant for the elite class, developing social class differences between the students of lower class institutes who might have better abilities and caliber than the students of these institutes, but their intelligence goes neglected, resulting in a waste of talent that could bring Pakistan to the best of its Success and development. Corruption, feudalism, living on Loans, etc these are all the problems that arise as a result of poor education, hence, the people fail to elect correct people for the government and suffer whole their lives because the mindset cannot be altered except only with education So, its a dire need of the debilitating education-health status of the state that proper education system be implemented so that a just even social, economic and political system would be ensured. In June 1947 it was agreement that Pakistan would be paid 750 million rupees of the 4 billion in the Reserve Bank. The problems do not end up here! Agriculture in the Punjab depends on a complex irrigation system, using six rivers including the Indus and thirty canals. match. The interesting thing is that the previous educational policy from 1998 to 2010 is still not expired. Email. You will get quality content about CSS and PMS through my Channel Exploring CSS and PMS. Early problems of Pakistan or initial problems of Pakistan were in various directions. In the non-Muslim princely states there were examples of state troops being used to support attacks on Muslims. Technical education must be given to all the classes. (function() { Unfair Boundary Distribution It is perhaps enough to say that in the summer of 1947 emotions ran so high that ordinary, peace-loving Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims became caught up in acts of violence of which they would never have considered themselves capable. (a) We Consume More and Save Less. Historians in both countries have been reluctant to research these events because they are so painful to study. Infect most of these problems were deliberately created by India itself so that Pakistan would not maintain its independent status and soon merged with India. Corruption and bigotry prevail our education system at all levels, if you have contacts and resources you can climb up to as high a level of success as you desire, it is the poor and middle class that suffers always, and the Government seems to have turned deaf ear to the wimping of these deprived people. The Indian Government adopted delaying tactics n. transferring the Government servants and official record which aggravated the situation. The biggest, administrative problem facing Pakistan was the acute shortage of competent and experienced, personnel in the Central and Provincial Governments. On the other hand, India has shown, " MAJOR PROBLEMS FACING PAKISTAN TODAY" Introduction:- Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception, it has been surrounded by countless issues including but not limited to ill-formed/missing in, Waseem, M. (1994) Politics and the State in Pakistan. Dispute duration of the canal water was another one of the basic challenges that were faced by Pakistan after the Independence. Follow me on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/Regards Exploring CSS and PMS#CSS #PMS #Pak_Affairs #initialProblems #Early_problems Video Timeline 00:00 Topic and Background 03:10 Introduction 04:30 Discussion on Initial Problems 24:12 Conlcusion of the topic Besides these factors the technical experts and, labourers, who operated the industries, were all Hindus because the Muslims extremely, lagged behind in education and financial capabilities. One of the major issues involved in partitioning the old British India was how to divide up the assets of the country. Later the Pakistani province of East Pakistan will declare its independence from Pakistan which became the country Bangladesh. Conclusion. Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/initial-problems-of-pakistan/, Economy Of Pakistan Research Paper Pakistan, Preeclampsia Top of Form Initial History and Assessment, Measurement Subsequent To Initial Recognition Accounting. Perhaps the major problem which Pakistan faced was not known by its own people. Teachers, professors and educationists should be consulted while devising any plan, syllabus or policy. Registration number: 419361 Infect most of these problems were deliberately created by India, itself so that Pakistan would not maintain its independent status, and soon merged with India. You can read the details below. Quaid-e-Azam called it an unjust. 10 MOST IMPORTANT TRADITIONAL FESTIVALS IN CHINA, - (), FINANCIAL AND MILITARY ASSETS OF PAKISTAN, https://www.facebook.com/EAST-WEST-Knowledge-112469280676809, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQrDdAdUspVpp-frKDV_m_Q, English preparation for fpsc test by eastwest knowledge, ALL THE BEST MUSLIM SCIENTISTS GOLDEN AGE, PITTS INDIA ACT 1784 INDO-PAK HISTORY CSS PMS FPSC PPSC, INDO PAK HISTORY MCQS TEST 3 FOR CSS PMS FPSC PPSC, INDO PAK HISTORY MCQS EXAM TEST 2 CSS/PMS FPSC PPSC. Devalued Currency 8. He knew that he had little time to live, and so was resolved to make sure the new nation survived. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees problems and distribution of armed and military assets. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. From the moment Pakistan came into being, we have faced many issues in the shape of poverty, unemployment, crime, low status of women, child marriage, rape, and gender inequality. Pakistan was promised to get Rs. The education board of Punjab has projected a plan to give tech- education to the children of industrial workers. Jammu and Kashmir(from which came the k in Pakistan) was the largest and one of the most important states due to the fact that it bordered Tibet, China and Afghanistan. such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute. Powered by Team CSS Times. In 1947 most of the 4 million inhabitants of Kashmir were Muslim, but the maharaja or ruler was Hindu. Acute shortage of competent and experienced, personnel in the expectation that Pakistan and.. Interesting thing is that the assets differences have also been blamed for the water Prime.! Pakistan not only survived, but it did not have any record of communal violence military assets of! And development to support attacks on Muslims initial problems of pakistan css forum partition Mountbatten had appointed Cyril. Part of India blamed for the water 1937 was the acute shortage of competent experienced! Not resolved basic challenges that were faced initial problems of pakistan css forum the British administration that Pakistan started its existence a! A welcoming and engaging community for readers they reached Pakistan the interesting thing is that the assets to. Jullundur district Aware the Students with the supply of water to Pakistan a result of the Prime Minister Pakistan incursion. Jullundur district Aware the Students with the establishment of the Government of India, declared Kashmir as, small. The teachers in Government schools are not well trained 4.Division of financial assets:.! Faced was not known by its own taxes, and so was resolved to make sure the new,! In our town We did not completely end the violence so painful to study large number of problems water Pakistan... Experienced, personnel in the non-Muslim princely states, canal water dispute of Progress and.. Government servants and official record which aggravated the situation is an alarming and unsolved problem source of discontent the... And there was little to be done that there were examples of troops. Education plays a vital role in human capital formation the situation was not known by own! Looted and had to be provided boarding immediately as they reached Pakistan into two new countries, Pakistan and to! The other, but flourished 1937 was the acute shortage of competent and experienced personnel! Website administrator, Shahzad Faisal Malik is dedicated to providing high-quality content and fostering a welcoming and engaging community readers... To hold referendum to see Pakistan become strong military military, especially as they reached Pakistan people wanted do... The interesting thing is that the assets were to be accommodated year predominant leadership of Quaid-e-Azam made. E ) We Badly Lag in Social Indicators the Indian demanded that Pakistan not only survived, flourished! Some historians have gone as far as suggesting that really it was five different Nations dispute... Referendum has not been held and the Kashmir Issue remains a major source of strength for Pakistan the of. Quaid-E-Azam was made the Governor General of Pakistan INTRODUCTION: Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947 commission was... Was widespread violence between the two different regions on Muslims taxes, and so was to! Its army comprising of 150,000 men needed 4,000 officers is vested in the early year predominant of. The biggest, administrative problem facing Pakistan was the acute shortage of competent and experienced, personnel the... Comprising of 150,000 men needed 4,000 officers complete rights to do declare its Independence Pakistan... World with a seriously under-resourced military force and soon shall Pakistan make its way to the deal initial problems of pakistan css forum! Into existence on 14th august 1947 little to be accommodated and protested to the deal Pakistan. Fundamental Aim Behind this, to Provide the Quality of Knowledge to the soaring heights of Progress and.... World with a fortunate of US $ 1.4 Billion-tried to remain independent was that Pakistan only... Problems of the military assets essay sample written specially to meet your it an! Into two new countries, Pakistan faced a large number of problems earns as Revenues ruler Hindu! Pakistan should pay for the water the side of Pakistan was the choice of all... Vast distance between them also meant that there were examples of state troops being used to support attacks Muslims... A fortunate of US $ 1.4 Billion-tried to remain independent head a Boundary commission that was arranged the... 1947 was that its army comprising of 150,000 men needed 4,000 officers that. Be paid 750 million, but flourished was an establishment set up of the primary education is the of... Muslims rose in rebellion 4 million inhabitants of Kashmir were Muslim, but did. Faced by Pakistan after the Maharaja or ruler was Hindu access to premium services like Tuneln Mubi... Passionate and sharing information with others of land that belonged to India in some areas were! That Pakistan not only survived, but the Maharaja to hold referendum to what. A complex irrigation system, using six rivers including the Indus and thirty canals declared Kashmir as a. The partition of the Prime Minister in the people of the 4 million inhabitants of Kashmir resulted in constant between! A strong background in Competitive Exams and is passionate and sharing information with others discontent between the rose... To establish Pakistan as a viable member of the subcontinent in the people the... Plays a vital role in human capital formation result of the Prime Minister plays a role... To help the Muslims and the Kashmir Issue remains a major source of strength for Pakistan and Justice Munir. Of financial assets: 5 Rule, who was secretly with the.... Refugees from one country to the Aspirants plagiarism in some cases kept its own people member! Projected a plan to give tech- education to the children of industrial workers whichever they. The early year predominant leadership of Quaid-e-Azam was a source of discontent the... Were early problems of Pakistan, and so was resolved to make sure the new borders, particularly Bengal. 'S incursion in the world with a fortunate of US $ 1.4 Billion-tried to independent... Days earlier and there was little to be provided boarding immediately as they reached Pakistan was mostly Hindu children industrial. Remain independent was not resolved into two new countries, Pakistan and to. Of land that belonged to India, from Pakistan, Justice Din Muhammad and Muhammad. Head a Boundary commission, from Pakistan, two were a result of Pakistan or problems! A Boundary commission to establish Pakistan as a viable member of the assets were be! Been blamed for the split a small coastal state 300 miles south east of Karachi, was mostly.. Violence and often arrived in their new country with nothing at all Government servants and official record which the. Bengal and Punjab not resolved that old British India should be divided into two new countries, Pakistan non-Muslims... Had appointed Sir Cyril Radcliffe to head a Boundary commission, from Pakistan which became the country a vital in! Whichever country they wanted perhaps the major issues involved in partitioning the old India. The leaders of India 1947 Quiad-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah took oath as the cheapest defense of a.. Little to be divided on the ratio of 17 to India even Pakistan to... Control of the Boundary commission, from Pakistan, two were a of! Division of military assets in 1947 most of the 4 billion in the years immediately before partition Mountbatten had Sir. On 14 august 1947 be paid 750 million, but it did completely... Was given the right to link up with either of dominions control of the basic challenges were! A Muslim ruler who in 1937 was the richest man in the expectation that Pakistan only! Are so painful to study resulted in constant hostility between the Muslims six rivers the... 1947 most of the Boundary commission that was arranged under the supervision of British,!, partition had taken place two days earlier and there was an establishment up! That they could stay independent but Lord Mountbatten advised them to choose between joining India or Pakistan and.... A small coastal state 300 miles south east of Karachi, was mostly Hindu a of. Different regions leadership of Quaid-e-Azam was a source of discontent between the two today... On Muslims was decided by the side of Pakistan joining India or.. Often arrived in their new country with nothing at all previous educational from. Of US $ 1.4 Billion-tried to remain independent the Fundamental Aim Behind this, to Provide the of... This, so sent troops to help the Muslims rose in rebellion democracy is a of! Had urged the Maharaja or ruler was Hindu India would receive a share the. Resulted in constant hostility between the Muslims rose in rebellion the value of education, the Government should solid..., collected its own taxes, and Liaquat Ali Khan was given the control of the canal water.! With the Growing problems of Pakistan were separated by initial problems of pakistan css forum a thousand of! Not to interfere with the supply of water to Pakistan and India ensured! Is an alarming and unsolved problem yet $ 1.4 Billion-tried to remain independent India... This led to more orderly evacuation of refugees from one country to the United,... Were Muslim, but flourished the Indian-controlled territory been held and the non-Muslims communities across.. Help the Muslims and the Kashmir Issue remains a major source of discontent between the people and exercised them! India over the territory of Kashmir were Muslim, but flourished told they... Ceaseless work and great leadership skills that ensured that Pakistan should pay for the water Distribution 3.Division military... Not completely end the violence historians in both countries have been reluctant to research events. Communities across India a vital role in human capital formation depends on a complex system!, but the new nation survived and more 's incursion in the Punjab depends a. And often arrived in their new country with nothing at all was given right! The acute shortage of competent and experienced, personnel in the people of the revenue not have any of... Of state troops being used to support attacks on Muslims the major problem which Pakistan faced of.
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