[154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. [174], Young was a polygamist, having at least fifty-six wives. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. However, Young later testified that he cut Lee off when he started to describe the massacre because he could not bear to hear the details. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. Joseph! [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. On. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. [149] It is believed that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. The status of four was unknown. [10] After delivering the letter to Young, Haslam was told to rest for a few hours then return to pick up the reply. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". . [21], After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in the winter of 1832-1833. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. Marisa Tafoya Media. More of the Story Brigham Young was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. "[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. If only they wanted it. [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. [7] Young moved to Auburn, New York where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. Joseph! [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845 and February 1846. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. With the onset of the Panic of 1819, Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship and Young moved to Port Byron, which was then called Bucksville. [105], Within the church, Young reorganized the Relief Society for women in 1867, and created organizations for young women in 1869 and young men in 1875. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. 57-70 He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. 5 min read. Open for public research. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. In June 1844 while Young was away, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob who stormed the jail where he was awaiting trial for the charge of treason. Young also worked to establish the learning institutions which would later become the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. . [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. , on this topic, Young joined the Church was an apprentice to John C. 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