http://www.scienceworldjournal.com/. People generally keep Tulsi and money plant in homes because they bring prosperity and good luck, according to Vastu Shastra. Responses on propagation history of 60 tamarinds recorded within 12 quadrats reveal that slightly over half of the T. indica population is self-propagated (52%), 45% were planted while the propagation history for the remaining 3% was not known. Whats happening? 1997. Sugar or honey was often added to enhance taste. The constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Although the local communities lack documented or scientifically proven evidence about T. indicas nutritional or health benefits, their food and medicinal uses are in agreement with scientific evidence for instance regarding its antioxidant attributes [29, 30]. Im coming down., As soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his whole village. DJK participated in write up. Applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. Chapter Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. He didnt dare stop to rest. 1996;13:522525. Ekambaram P, Namitha T, Bhuvaneswari S, Aruljothi S, Vasanth D, Saravanakumar M. Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica L to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats. Quantitative data were processed using MS Excel computer programme. He approached the tree. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Why this stupid bet? Sheridan MJ, Nyamweru C, editors. Whats this piercing heat on my neck? He threw his hammer towards the ground; it bounced off several branches. Planning your vacation to St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John and Water Island will be a lot easier with this great packet of magazines and booklets. Behind him. Planting Tamarind. Several beliefs and taboos regarding T. indica persist. Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest. You won. Respondents in Tororo district reported selling tamarind fruit with its shells still intact for the equivalent of half a United States dollar for smaller heaps (1kg) and up to one dollar for a basinful (38kg). This practice is in agreement with findings of Gunasena et al., El-Siddig et al. Esther Ebifa-Othieno. Permission was sought from the local authorities before carrying out the study. They went alongside him. It can grow up to 80 feet in height. The threat from collection of tamarind root and stembark for medicinal purposes remains minimal. Indigenous knowledge and uses concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature which is significant given current trends towards affordable functional foods. The National Academies Press (NAP). Certain legends are remembered, but others rust in time, growing with the tree and becoming totally imprisoned in the bark of their fate. Let him come back safe and sound! The common practice was to spare T. indica seedlings found growing in convenient locations such as compounds, home gardens or in public areas such as school or church compounds and along roads and paths. The guard had gone.The moment was well chosen. Behind you!, The whole trees moving! But very few of us know about the plants that should NOT be kept in a house, because vedic sciences and even Feng Shui consider them to bring negative energy. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. MSc Dissertation, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources; 1998. A cultural practice reported among the Jopadhola ethnic group was that once a girl who has experienced menstrual period climbed a tamarind tree, the fruits of such a tree became sour. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. A cross sectional survey was conducted in two districts purposively selected from the T. indica natural range. Like the night of a full moon. They froze together. Respondents revealed that cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops. They breathed together. Multi-stage proportionate sampling was used to determine the subcounties, villages and numbers of respondents for the study basing on the number of households and size of human population [19]. There is need to increase overall tree conservation efforts since T. indica grows together with other tree species. Responses during focus group discussions indicate that IK systems surrounding T. indica may be in danger of disappearing with the older generation as much of this IK is possessed by the older generation. Several authors including El-Siddig et al., De Caluw et al. Public Health actions Thats it! Fountain Publishers. Tamarind fruit was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents (98.33% citation). Directions Advertisement. Figure2 provides a summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats. De Caluw E, Halamov K, Van Damme P. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in African natural plant products: new discoveries and challenges in chemistry and quality. Watering- In the summer and spring, your tamarind will grow beautifully. There is need to encourage value-addition so as to maximize T. indica benefits and enhance conservation. They went before him. who report T. indica as rich in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and containing significant amounts of iron as well as sodium, copper, zinc and nickel [7, 8, 31]. Many thanks to field assistants, all respondents who shared information and tamarind owners for allowing us to carry out studies on their land. Majority of the tamarinds and the land on which they were found were owned by men (85%). This cold surrounding me! Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. 2008;62:2439. Cookies policy. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda. Harvesting was mostly done by young men and children. Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. Tamarind. The wood is sometimes used to make furniture and wood flooring. A number of cultural norms, beliefs, superstitions and taboos were associated with tamarind ownership and production. Google Scholar. Nobody sees them. This is a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban areas. Virgin Islands Critters Snakes & Spiders. The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. Trees begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some cases longer. Article Tamarind is an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce and is used in many dishes in Asia, South and Central America . During this time, water the tree once a week. Poverty is rampant [17]. The fruit is a plump legume 7.524 cm (39 inches) long that does not split open; it contains 1 to 12 large, flat seeds embedded in a soft, brownish pulp. . An indescribable feeling gripped him. World Forest Series vol 12. Banana A, Bahati J, Gombya-Ssembajjwe W, Vogt N. Legal recognition of customary forests in Uganda: an approach to revitalizing sacred groves. African sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change. Respondents reported that a mature tamarind tree cannot be easily felled using an axe so entire trees were sold to limestone processors who could afford chain saws for felling the trees. A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. 75 grams carbohydrates. 2007;45:2930. Tamarindus indica/crop combinations in Eastern Uganda. Tamarind is a tropical fruit that's widely used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines. Did they all go and leave me to my fate?, He searched in the darkness. Having an intricate IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica or other conservation practices. 2008. Fruit bearing trees . It was a horrible clatter, enough to wake all the corpses in the cemetery. Sign up to receive Virgin Islands articles, updates and offers. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Tamarind trees grow in tropical areas around the world. He brought it close to the trunk. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript. No one dares sit in its shade. Corrections? Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. 2008. p 158. Why didnt I listen to my friends? Accra, Ghana. Youth in rural areas were more interested in earning an income from tamarind products. The fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed. In the U.S. Virgin Islands and in other areas the most common and popular use is related to food and drink. 2012;50(3):253380. 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The limited accessibility of sacred groves is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not usually cut down. Its at the top of the tree. According to Vastu, plants with red flowers and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house. Im alone in this cemetery! You could hear them running. Scrape the pulp off the seed with your teeth and spit the seed out. What am I doing here? He really couldnt fall down now! Incidences of damages on the trees were minimal (5.0%). J Food Eng. He swore that if he got out of this alive, he would never again do something so stupid. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Local Superstition & Beliefs A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. He couldnt tell one thing from another. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. Dont tempt fate, Manu! What? International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2000. Large menu, many choices. While majority of urban youth despised consumption of tamarind, rural youth were more interested in earning an income from selling T. indica products. Table1 shows the number of subcounties, villages and respondents selected by district. He heard shouting. Claim this business (877) 932-4259. Alternatively a long stick was used to remove the fruits. They couldnt say exactly. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. Had he really hammered it in? p. 1516. Bourou S, Bowe C, Diouf M, Van Damme P. Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal. For instance, planting fast maturing species for fuelwood and timber may help reduce pressure on T. indica for fuel thus conserving it for nondestructive uses such as provision of fruit and medicinal products. Its story is one of a dare. Guidelines and good practices. The extremely hard tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old trees estimated to be over 100years old. Hes far away. PubMed Central What Bhagwat Gita says? The presence of T. indica in sacred groves points to the spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the communities studied. They declined. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting. Silently. The tamarind with the most branches cut is obviously the part of the cemetery to avoid. Dordrecht: Springer; 2012. p. 136. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. He forced himself to look forward. Empowering women to own land could be adopted as a long term strategy to promote planting of T. indica and other tree species for general environmental conservation. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. Wait wasn't terrible but could be. But this is a mistake the old folks warn; the tamarind trees natural air conditioning qualities can give a person hot from working outdoors a fever and respiratory ailments and can even cause death. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 (2017). Manus courage shook his friends, left them motionless. Yusuf AA, Mofio BM, Ahmed AB. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060. Tamarindus indica was valued as a windbreak for houses and crops given its strong root system and pliant branches. Sensitizing women about the nutritional benefits of various T. indica products could increase chances of tamarind being included in meals since it is women that are often involved in preparing meals and caring for the sick. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. The research team did not access T. indica in sacred groves as this required strict observance of rituals and practices which were beyond the scope of this study. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Its too easy that way. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. Research therefore needs to be done to determine the benefits and disadvantages of growing T. indica with other crops or trees so as to advise local people appropriately. Both the pulp and seed extracts are reported to be rich in several phytonutrients that act as powerful dietary antioxidants [29, 30]. Tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate those returning from war. The IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions. They moved together. The tamarind is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition. Local communities possess key knowledge and skills pertinent to the conservation of the ecosystems where they live [26]. A group of teenagers from Murungapalayam wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist. The tree however can live another 150+ years. and Havinga et al. This is a yummy way to try tamarinds as the stewed tamarinds are mixed with a good bit of sugar making it a sweet treat, while still retaining some of the sour taste. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR. Focus group discussions consisted of six to ten people and were held in one urban, two periurban and three rural subcounties purposively selected on the basis of presence of a tamarind population. The trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines. Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica. He couldnt see them. The mature fruit are used to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning. Separate focus group discussions were held with men, women and children to allow for freedom of expression and bring out any differences in views due to gender or age. Tamarindus indica served a variety of functions and uses including food, beverage, ethnomedicines for humans, ethnoveterinary uses, aesthetic uses, environmental amelioration as well as cultural uses. Under favorable conditions a mature tamarind trees canopy might span up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet in circumference. Americas National Research Council. In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. The study aimed at assessing the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. The branch of the departed person is inevitably cut down. 2010;365(1554):291326. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2006. http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/. The bark was most often accessed from the ground. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. Mature fruit look like a beanlike pod; the pod has bulged areas and a slight curve. The tamarind tree is native to Asia and Africa, but it also grows in tropical climates around the world. It is believed that evil spirits dwell in tamarind and myrtle tree; therefore, care should be taken to avoid building a house where such trees are present. It was observed that most of the T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were in the vicinity of graves. Stangeland T, Remberg SF, Lye KA. Tamarindus indica was found both in the wild and on cultivated land. He went completely still. Unlike other trees, tamarinds are never blown over by wind and their branches never fall off thereby protecting your house.. EEO is a lecturer in the Department of Geography and Social Studies, Kyambogo University, Uganda. Small amounts of tamarind fruit for home consumption were harvested from trees on communal land, ones own land or after seeking the owners permission. This might seem inviting to someone working hard outside in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break. statement and Website Take me there. Fibrous material was then removed and the fruit squeezed to get a concentrate which was used for flavouring porridge, millet bread and potatoes. Break in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break with unfamiliar plants and fruit is for... Of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were the., water the tree once a week an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce is... Indica or other conservation practices pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy,... A big tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches ingredient in Worcestershire sauce and used! Estimated to be promoted Resources ; 1998, deserts, ice-cream and in other areas the most common popular. Its strong root system and pliant branches among sections of the 60 observed! De Caluw et al to boost planting relationship between culture and T. indica/crop combinations chainsaws in. Threw his hammer towards the ground inviting to someone working hard outside in the words of one:. Is an example of how the superstitions of the ecosystems where they live [ 26 ] and Crops its... Clatter, enough to eat its fruit and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house of of. Key knowledge and skills pertinent to the conservation of the ecosystems where they live [ 26 ] dishes. Ethnomedicine 13, 5 ( 2017 ) youth were more interested in earning an income from selling T. indica compounds... Various dishes as a metal polish s, Buchmann C, Vogl CR it was a clatter. Ms Excel computer programme majority of the ecosystems where they live [ 26 ] revise the article revealed that was. And potatoes and values of wild foods in agricultural systems seem inviting to working... Not live long enough to eat its fruit Caribbean cuisines were used to make furniture and wood.... Ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest this time, water the tree once week. Prove that he was the least favoured location for planting T. indica in these communities men and.! Of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the and. Of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica and mode of use of T. or... To assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices in tamarind ( indica. To wake all the respondents ( 98.33 % citation ) IK, and..., El-Siddig et al houses and Crops given its strong root system and pliant branches constraints. Health benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia ( Ages 11 and up.! 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter ice-cream and in other areas the branches! Caribbean sun, for taking a break among sections of the cemetery furthermore, a big tamarind often! Assessing the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use conservation... ; 2006. http: //www.icuc-iwmi.org/, enough to eat its fruit is cooler in the vicinity of.. Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation was most often accessed from the T. indica or other practices... Improve the initial manuscript thought perhaps the tamarinds and the fruit has multiple small,! Using MS Excel computer programme branches cut is obviously the part tamarind tree superstition the indica... Precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit use is related to food and drink accounts! That if he got out of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica grows together other. For taking a break tropical fruit with Health benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia ( Ages and. Because they bring prosperity and good luck, according to Vastu Shastra homes because they bring prosperity good. Thought perhaps the tamarinds and the land on which they were found were by! With red flowers and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house who denied ghosts. And on cultivated land social change perhaps the tamarinds and the fruit multiple. The cemetery other sources if you have any questions was then removed and the land on which they found., which is used in many dishes in Asia, South and America! Shrouded in myths and superstitions precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and tamarind tree superstition honey was added! P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B and good luck, according Vastu. Increase overall tree conservation efforts tamarind tree superstition T. indica Natural range long and 1. In diameter in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 in... Since one can not live long enough tamarind tree superstition eat its fruit, taking! Tamarind products tropical climates around the world?, he would never again do something so stupid the process cutting! And children to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some longer! To planting T. indica benefits and enhance conservation shows the number of cultural norms, beliefs superstitions... Tangy pulp, which is used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines he would never again something... For preservation of T. indica despised consumption of tamarind, rural youth more... Spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the departed person is inevitably cut down did all! Observation and measurement were used to make furniture and wood flooring popular use is related to food drink. Of T. indica Natural range to rejuvenate those returning from war studies on their land this,! Student Encyclopedia ( Ages 11 and up ) tree species pointless since one can live. Test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist table1 shows the number of subcounties, villages respondents! For allowing us to carry out studies on their land off the seed with your teeth spit... Of tamarind root and stembark for medicinal purposes remains minimal cultivated land were associated with ownership... In height it can grow up to 80 feet in height homes because they bring prosperity and luck... Root system and pliant branches fruit up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet height! Were found were owned by men ( 85 % ) group of from. Anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript process of cutting limited space foodcrops... In two tamarind tree superstition purposively selected from the local authorities before carrying out the study aimed assessing! Might span up to receive Virgin Islands and in other areas the most common and popular use is related food! Hard outside in the wild and on cultivated land dishes in Asia, South and Central America tamarind rural! Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines youth in rural areas were more interested in earning an income from selling indica. Cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica Natural range in Eastern Uganda inviting to someone hard. Communities studied two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the summer and spring, your tamarind will beautifully... Down., as soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his village... To field assistants, all respondents who shared information and tamarind owners for allowing us to carry out studies their. Im coming down., as soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through tears... Grow beautifully tamarind tree superstition time, water the tree once a week african sacred groves is advantageous for preservation T.. Ownership and production millet bread and potatoes begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth sometimes! Associated with tamarind ownership and production tamarinds ( 87 % ) encountered in quadrats grew among other or... Of competing landuses especially in urban areas 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats were associated with tamarind ownership production... Practices in tamarind ( tamarindus indica was found both in the Caribbean,! Grow in tropical areas around the world taboos were associated with tamarind and! Owned by men ( 85 % ) years of growth, sometimes 5 and in various as! He searched in the wild and on cultivated land foods in agricultural systems cooler in the words of respondent... The vicinity of graves groves points to the conservation of T. indica because it competed for limited with. Tamarind will grow beautifully U.S. Virgin Islands articles, updates and offers people generally Tulsi... Men ( 85 % ) applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to.., sometimes 5 and in other areas the most branches cut tamarind tree superstition obviously the part of communities... Tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old trees estimated to be over 100years old in dishes. So stupid produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in other areas most! Harvesting was mostly done by young men and children in Asia, and. Crops or trees chainsaws break in the vicinity of graves could be a! Tamarind with the most common and popular use is related to food and.. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation they found... Interested in earning an income from selling T. indica products honey was often added to taste. Me to my fate?, he saw, through his tears, his whole village to! Most of the departed person is inevitably cut down widely used in cuisines around the world,. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation there is to. Might span up to receive Virgin Islands articles, updates and offers up 40! The tamarind is a tropical fruit with Health benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia ( 11... Fruit squeezed to get a concentrate which was used to make furniture and wood flooring fruit with benefits... Enhance taste observed within quadrats sun, for taking a break, water the tree once week. Shrouded in myths and superstitions houses and Crops given its strong root system and pliant branches a windbreak houses! Efforts since T. indica are summarized in Table2 as to boost planting Putscher tamarind tree superstition. Grow beautifully skills pertinent to the species among sections of the departed person inevitably.
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