Imagine you are a patient with cancer and your doctor can't order your pain medication. In both these reviews, the topic was highly related to the topic of the database. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Article who wins student body president riverdale. PubMed Medical Library, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CS, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, You can also search for this author in The .gov means its official. We see that reviewers rarely use Web of Science and especially Google Scholar in their searches, though they retrieve a great deal of unique references in our reviews. Of course, the loss of a minor non-randomized included study that follows the systematic reviews conclusions would not be as problematic as losing a major included randomized controlled trial with contradictory results. Google Scholar. Syst Rev 6, 245 (2017). It is likely that topical differences in systematic reviews may impact whether databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar add value to the review. NOTE There are many limiters that we haven't covered. Films Media Group is the leading source of high-quality video and multimedia for academic, vocational and life-skills content. For a search related to nursing, . Our study shows that, to reach maximum recall, searches in systematic reviews ought to include a combination of databases. Of the combinations of two databases, Embase and MEDLINE had the best results (92.8%). Using the prospectively recorded results and the studies included in the publications, we calculated recall, precision, and number needed to read for single databases and databases in combination. CINAHL includes rigorous curation and indexing of open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. This filter can be usedfind articles that are clinically-sound. J Clin Epidemiol. Accessibility Disadvantages of Databases 1. Scroll down the page below the search boxes to locate these filters or limiters. Almost all reviews (97%) reported a search in MEDLINE. Although Embase covers MEDLINE, it apparently does not index every article from MEDLINE. If Erasmus MC authors had conducted more reviews that included only RCTs, Cochrane CENTRAL might have added more unique references. We calculated the recall for individual databases and databases in all possible combination for all reviews included in the research. Halladay et al. 2005;93:7480. Here is an example of a search for a cohort study in CINAHL: A case study, or case report, is a research method involving a detailed investigation of a single individual or a single organized group. This Spanish language database contains full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals in native Spanish. When looking at the overall recall, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE and either Google Scholar or Web of Science could be regarded sufficient with 96% recall. We estimate more than 50% of reviews that include more study types than RCTs would miss more than 5% of included references if only traditional combination of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTAL is searched. In the case of a clinical question, precision is most important, as a practicing clinician does not have a lot of time to read through many articles in a clinical setting. The SMART Imagebase is a unique, educational resource for students, educators, library patrons, and professionals in healthcare and news media. A researcher wants to be able to estimate the chances that his or her current project will miss a relevant reference. Bookshelf Ahntastic Adventures in Silicon Valley Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. A recent paper tried to find an acceptable number needed to read for adding an additional database; sadly, however, no true conclusion could be drawn [20]. We are not implying that a combined search of the four recommended databases will never result in relevant references being missed, rather that failure to search any one of these four databases will likely lead to relevant references being missed. Asterisk indicates that the recall of all databases has been calculated over all included references. Based on our calculations made by looking at random systematic reviews in PubMed, we estimate that 60% of these reviews are likely to have missed more than 5% of relevant references only because of the combinations of databases that were used. >/- 8CqD 0:J AT~Xr Bx:.}U_y>gEdUug1tXA ed! Until 2016, the most complete MEDLINE selection in Ovid still lacked the electronic publications that were already available in PubMed. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R 10 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Most articles on this topic draw their conclusions based on the coverage of databases [14]. BNI is represented three times in the table because the number of unique titles per database depends on whether CINAHL, CINAHL Plus or CINAHL Complete is being compared. Case studies may be prospective (in which criteria are established and cases fitting the criteria are included as they become available) or retrospective (in which criteria are established and cases are selected from historical records for inclusion in the study). For 55 reviews, we determined the domain. Lorenzetti DL, Topfer L-A, Dennett L, Clement F. Value of databases other than MEDLINE for rapid health technology assessments. For all individual reviews, we determined the median recall, the minimum recall, and the percentage of reviews for which each single database or combination retrieved 100% recall. Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. Many of the articles reporting on previous research concluded that one database was able to retrieve most included references. Since these studies have a long-term component, they promote abetter quality of evidence than a shorter study. McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic searchers. These could be retrieved by searching PubMed with the subset as supplied by publisher. 2014;21:34354. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it . In the top bar, we present the results of the complete database searches relative to the total number of included references. When searching for a systematic review, recall is the most important aspect, as the researcher does not want to miss any relevant references. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. <> Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. kON0=ArP35x`*[r(DYVBa9BJ2w\LueOJ=i.dR;mmP/P For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. Nevertheless others have concluded that a single database is not sufficient to retrieve all references for systematic reviews [18, 19]. It offers job search and workplace skills improvement, skill building in reading, writing, math, and basic science, career certification and licensure exam prep, college and grad school entrance test prep, GED test prep, and more. Many articles written on this topic have calculated overall recall of several reviews, instead of the effects on all individual reviews. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Using that combination, 93% of the systematic reviews in our study obtained levels of recall that could be considered acceptable (>95%). Google Scholar. . When healthcare database systems go down, it is worse than an apocalypse. How do I view content? "One database may be insufficient to provide evidence" The reason is based on a detail with great impact: the indexing of articles differs between the both databases, thus, sometimes leading to different results of a given search strategy. CINAHL provided the majority of relevant articles for the second search, on computers and privacy, but inclusion of MEDLINE and EMBASE enhanced retrieval somewhat. PMC PubMed Central Note: Putting quotation marks around phrases tells the database to search for these words as a phrase and not as individual words. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collectionis a comprehensive database covering information concerning topics in emotional and behavioral characteristics, psychiatry & psychology, mental processes, anthropology, and observational & experimental methods. Investigators and information specialists searching for relevant references for a systematic review (SR) are generally advised to search multiple databases and to use additional methods to be able to adequately identify all literature related to the topic of interest [1,2,3,4,5,6]. MedicLatinais a unique collection of medical research and investigatory journals from renowned Latin American and Spanish publishers. del rio rams . WB drafted the first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors. Other specialized databases, such as CINAHL or PsycINFO, add unique references to some reviews where the topic of the review is related to the focus of the database. Levay P, Raynor M, Tuvey D. The contributions of MEDLINE, other bibliographic databases and various search techniques to NICE public health guidance. endobj 2008;39:e139. Cochrane CENTRAL is absent from the table, as for the five reviews limited to randomized trials, it did not add any unique included references. Syst Rev. Because of this major limitation, the question of which databases are necessary to retrieve all relevant references for a systematic review remains unanswered. Our conclusion that Web of Science and Google Scholar are needed for completeness has not been shared by previous research. 9v[-[TkBaly.Ja%"uu'Nd&nNSevS}VXcS63#qN Even when taking into account that many searchers consider the use of Scopus as a replacement of Embase, plus taking into account the large overlap of Scopus and Web of Science, this estimate remains similar. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Halladay CW, Trikalinos TA, Schmid IT, Schmid CH, Dahabreh IJ. stream The purpose of this research was to determine which of three databases, CINAHL, EMBASE or MEDLINE, should be accessed when researching nursing topics. All authors have approved the final manuscript. In our analyses, we combined the results from MEDLINE in Ovid and PubMed (the subset as supplied by publisher) into one database labeled MEDLINE. Are included references being missed because the review authors failed to search a certain database? 2016;5:39. CINAHL contains many systematic reviews published in journals. 2019 Aug;21(4):853-878. doi: 10.1007/s10903-018-0816-4. HR;QBYVCU-7;-7O?zIo =IBK OH)k11H?3xQao7~Z| Aagaard T, Lund H, Juhl C. Optimizing literature search in systematic reviewsare MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL enough for identifying effect studies within the area of musculoskeletal disorders? Films Media Group serves the education community through its four brands: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Meridian Education, and Shopware. This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all relevant references. A review of meta-analyses. vD@3h0MusH%|$e5Cl|Pl aWEEv~3v:hq`M 1LYi"eo*mZTmiMBV(']YJYa:{Xk4S9Tj-MLNAN}V%!U]h*us(5i:8}takdd-~^3I+LR0mkb4Kb3tTl! Google Scholar. PubMed does not. The Cochrane Handbook recommends searching MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for systematic reviews of RCTs. The four databases that had retrieved the most unique references (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were investigated individually and in all possible combinations (see Table4). Disclaimer. However, Embase is only accessible via a paid subscription, which generally makes it challenging for review teams not affiliated with academic medical centers to access. LearningExpress Library features nearly 1,000 online tutorials, practice tests, and eBooks to help patrons of all ages. See Fig. Once you have set up your search, here is how you can limit your results to only case studies: CINAHL Plus with Full Text offers a number of filters or limiters that can help you find only specific types of studies. 2011;91:1907. 2013 Jan 9;13:7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-7. Is the coverage of Google Scholar enough to be used alone for systematic reviews. pros and cons of cinahl database Categories. Sixteen percent of the included references (291 articles) were only found in a single database; Embase produced the most unique references (n=132). Thedatabase itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. CINAHL, a database that focuses on allied health and nursing literature, has the most articles, although most of them are descriptive articles about the Pilates method of exercise and do not include investigations that tested the claims of Pilates. The information specialists of Erasmus MC developed an efficient method that helps them perform searches in many databases in a much shorter time than other methods. Res Synth Methods. It is laborious for searchers to translate a search strategy into multiple interfaces and search syntaxes, as field codes and proximity operators differ between interfaces. Google Scholar. Using similar calculations, also shown in Table5, we estimated the probability that 100% of relevant references were retrieved is 23%. In addition, Michaleff et al. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? National Library of Medicine We have not yet gathered enough data to be able to make a full comparison between Embase and Scopus. Springer Nature. Continue to scroll down the page for information on how to limit your search to specific types of research. PubMed If an included reference was not found in the EndNote file, we presumed the authors used an alternative method of identifying the reference (e.g., examining cited references, contacting prominent authors, or searching gray literature), and we did not include it in our analysis. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? The full list of the 81 unique titles in BNI when compared with any version of CINAHL and their country of publication are reproduced in Appendix S1. We aimed to determine the optimal combination of databases needed to conduct efficient searches in systematic reviews and whether the current practice in published reviews is appropriate. Moreover, in combinations where the number of results was greatly reduced, the recall of included references was lower. Unique references were included articles that had been found by only one database search. J Clin Epidemiol. In short, the method consists of an efficient way to combine thesaurus terms and title/abstract terms into a single line search strategy. Many of the reviews were initiated by members of the departments of surgery and epidemiology. For example, in 48% of all systematic reviews, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE (with or without Cochrane CENTRAL; Cochrane CENTRAL did not add unique relevant references) reaches a recall of at least 95%. The sum of all these values is the total probability of acceptable recall in the random sample. Articles that are indexed with a set of identified thesaurus terms, but do not contain the current search terms in title or abstract, are screened to discover potential new terms. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page I;u?5Z=bL(lWh{d QrX". To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Searching Google Scholar is challenging as it lacks basic functionality of traditional bibliographic databases, such as truncation (word stemming), proximity operators, the use of parentheses, and a search history. The search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and EMBASE. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. While it is important to be familiar with the different characteristics of CINAHL and Medline, the choice of database must also take into account the question itself as well as the type of . Once optimal recall is achieved, macros are used to translate the search syntaxes between databases, though manual adaptation of the thesaurus terms is still necessary. 4 0 obj We recommend that, regardless of their topic, searches for biomedical systematic reviews should combine Embase, MEDLINE (including electronic publications ahead of print), Web of Science (Core Collection), and Google Scholar (the 200 first relevant references) at minimum. 8600 Rockville Pike This search was used in earlier research [21]. WB and ML analyzed the data. Article Based on our findings, this combination achieves acceptable recall about half the time (47%). Where should the pharmacy researcher look first? CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. Bramer WM, de Jonge GB, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. We did not investigate whether the loss of certain references had resulted in changes to the conclusion of the reviews. The other authors declare no competing interests. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 3 0 obj For the individual databases and combinations that were used in those reviews, we multiplied the frequency of occurrence in that set of 200 with the probability that the database or combination would lead to an acceptable recall (which we defined at 95%) that we had measured in our own data. We find that Embase is critical for acceptable recall in a review and should always be searched for medically oriented systematic reviews. Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLIN . Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. ProQuest Medical Library hasover1,000 titles, with more than910 medical titles in full text (selected journals are available in color) with abstracts and indexing from the well-known MEDLINE database. Ross-White A, Godfrey C. Is there an optimum number needed to retrieve to justify inclusion of a database in a systematic review search? From: Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008 View all Topics Add to Mendeley For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. The aim of our research is to determine the combination of databases needed for systematic review searches to provide efficient results (i.e., to minimize the burden for the investigators without reducing the validity of the research by missing relevant references). Bull Med Libr Assoc. and transmitted securely. Some of the remaining reviews explored patient experience of conditions including heart failure, diabetes, respiratory tract infections while others investigated patient experience of healthcare interventions such as anti-depressants, occupational therapy or palliative care. Finding resources: MEDLINE. Exploring the 'Patient Experience' of Individuals with Limited English Proficiency: A Scoping Review. Health Inf Libr J. 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