It spread like wildfire over social media and had millions of views within days. This is one of the more extreme cases of groupthink and proved disastrous. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Gokar H. Groupthink principles and fundamentals in organizations. Under the auspices of Nurse Keith Coaching, Keith's passion is helping nurses and healthcare professionals create ultimate satisfaction in both their personal and professional lives. New evidence later showed that Hussein did not actually have any WMDs. Confirmation bias involves selectively gathering and interpretation evidence to . Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. In spite of this success, it was later discovered that most of the information in the film was incorrect. Why would they risk war with a much stronger enemy? (1982). APA Journals Article Spotlight is a free summary of recently published articles in an APA Journal. This is an example of groupthink in the workplace. In fact, it was actually the first video in the history of YouTube to break one million views. This shows an incredible failure of critical thinking and decision-making. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Triggers give members an opportunity to reveal how they each view the problem at hand. 2 Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA. This group might come to distrust and even inflict violence on outgroup members with different political views. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies They were sure that the Japanese would see the obvious futility of entering a war with the US. These 'symptoms' were developed by Janis to show the way groupthink influences individuals and teams. Group polarization leads to changing attitudes among individuals within the group. For example, prior studies have found that brainstorming results in fewer ideas rather than more, and hinders rather than helps productivity. One of these examples is the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Familiarity with negative consequences of potential group conformity biases The power of groupthink: Study shows why ideas spread in social networks. Scholars have found that decision-making processes only sometimes define ultimate outcomes. They have an electronic paper trail of who it was that accessed their data, when they accessed their data, and where they accessed their data. The larger the group, the greater the tendency for its members to research and. Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole. There is emerging interest in understanding group decision making among a team of health professionals. Our experts can deliver a Examples of Recent Events That Are Indicators of Groupthink essay tailored to your instructions for only $13.00 $11.05/page 308 qualified specialists online Learn more The Case of the US Cabinet Members Failing to React to a Breach of the Law by Their Colleague Despite Public Demand Because from an audit train standpoint, I would agree, its going to be very difficult to submit backup every time a physician may access a patients record in their own system. Dan: Right. In this challenge, participants dumped a bucket of ice water over their heads and uploaded the video to social media. Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by British author William Golding. Dan: I second the notion that these principles are a good starting point, but they do need to be vetted and discussed and thought through extensively and should not be considered the final word. Groupthink is most often associated with business, politics, and policymaking, but it also relates to the psychology of collective phobias and mass hysteria. Ken: Is there a way to propose a less onerous, but still comprehensive account? Japanese messages had been intercepted. Although groupthink leads to making suboptimal decisions, group leaders can take steps . Groupthink, a term coined by Irving Janis to depict premature consensus seeking in highly cohesive groups, is a theory that has been widely discussed in disciplines outside health care. For example, he explained to students that the eventual aim of the movement was to eliminate democracy. Accompanying this was a series of exercises and rules which students had to follow. Healthcare is not an industry where groupthink, blissful ignorance, or pandering to the powerful produce any appreciably positive results. It would reformulate its product and release it as New Coke.. Nicky: Is there a recommended wording you think will make this point clear? Disclaimer. This ad shows Jenner attending a protest march and climaxes with her handing a can of Pepsi to a police officer. And yet, many senior officials at Pearl Harbor did not pay attention to the warnings from Washington DC about a potential Japanese attack. In each instance, factors such as pressure to conform, closed-mindedness, feelings of invulnerability, and the illusion of group unanimity contribute to poor decisions and often devastating outcomes. These all boil down to the same idea: Individuals are influenced by a larger group . Alternatively, they might not want to avoid punishments associated with expressing dissent. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. In this book, he provides the reader with several examples of poor group decision-making. Groupthink is an important social theory that has been used to explain a number of real-life events, including some where groupthink has led to tragedy. The Salem Witch Trials This historical event provides an excellent groupthink definition and explanation. Research into the phenomenon of groupthink is a pertinent area of study that involves understanding how group processes influence the making of . Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on December 16, 2022 by Chris Drew, PhD. This analysis won the 2020 Group Dynamics Most Valuable Paper award. R Soc Open Sci. Future research should develop a theoretical framework that applies groupthink theory to clinical decision making and medical education, validate the groupthink framework in clinical settings, develop measures of groupthink, evaluate interventions that mitigate groupthink in clinical practice, and examine how groupthink may be situated amidst other emerging social cognitive theories of collaborative clinical decision making. The invasion ended up being an enormous failure, and people directly blamed the Kennedy administration. Best Known Examples of Groupthink 1. Look no further than the face in the mirror. When the company began to fail, they refused to listen to differing viewpoints or consider alternative courses of action. In addition, group polarization can lead to groupthink, which . Letterman accepted a contract from rival CBS, launched The Late Show with David Letterman, and went into direct competition with NBC eventually winning the war for ratings and advertising money. This video then explained that they were part of a social experiment. ", 25 Best Ways to Make a Good First Impression, 25 Best Ways to Overcome the Fear of Failure, 100 Best Side Hustles for Teens to Make Money, 10 Proven Psychological Pricing Strategies with Examples, 100 Office Etiquette Rules You Need to Know, 50 Best Business Letter Closings of All-Time. This article provides a summary of research related to the groupthink theory. Where is the patients control in this model? Here are some more ideas that might help prevent groupthink. Those firmly ensconced in the healthcare ecosystem can likely agree that groupthink plays a larger role than we would like to believe. The Bay of Pigs Invasion showcases three characteristics of groupthink: (i) the illusion of invulnerability, (ii) stereotyping of the opponent and (iii) self-censorship. What was once the worlds No. Hitler used his understanding of group dynamics and above-average ability for public speaking to hold an entire nation in sway. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Takes longer. Establish group norms to encourage and promote divergent thinking. a group of intelligent people working together to solve a problem can sometimes arrive at the worst possible answer., Well, thats the way weve always done it., Well, I was hazed, bullied, and sabotaged as a new nurse and now its my turn to get some payback; why should these new nurses get off easy?. Instead of bringing this product to market, they dropped it to protect their lucrative film processing business. 2022;44(3):309-318. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2021.1987404. When Groupthink Rears Its (Misguided) Head, In the healthcare milieu, problem-solving frequently occurs from the top down, often without the valuable input of those with boots on the ground. Groupthink can also aid in the performance of a new company or organization by placing an emphasis on the familiar and concentrating a coordinated effort toward a single goal. The movie was highly successful and quickly went viral. Groupthink occurs when a group values cohesiveness and unanimity more than making the right decision. Kevin: Is this data accessible on the network, or is it data that resides within an individuals application? Discuss how the solutions that have been used before might not solve the current problem you face. 2022 Sep 21;9(10):1436. doi: 10.3390/children9101436. The absolute proof that America's collective groupthink problem poses a danger has unfortunately emerged from the right side of the aisle. Juries can also fall victim to groupthink. A modern example of Groupthink is a politically incorrect marketing campaign, imagine a company seeking to launch a new marketing campaign for a consumer product. This is a root media process that can suffer from biases. Groupthink, a term coined by Irving Janis to depict premature consensus seeking in highly cohesive groups, is a theory that has been widely discussed in disciplines outside health care.. Typically faster than group decision making. He wrote about this phenomenon in the 1972 publication titled Victims of Groupthink a Psychological Study of Foreign-policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Not all poor group decisions result from groupthink. In what remains of the 21st century, we need more leaders, influencers, researchers, innovators, and rank and file clinicians to rise to the occasion and provide us with new fixes to longstanding problems. Riskin Y, Riskin A, Zaitoon H, Habib C, Blanche E, Gover A, Mintz A. Essentially, a lack of conflict or opposing viewpoints leads to poor decisions. Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Diversity among group members has also been shown to enhance decision-making and reduce groupthink.. Believe it or not, there was actually a time when smoking was seen as good for you or even healthy. Indeed, previous research has challenged Janis model. and transmitted securely. There are many examples of groupthink, but one that stands out is the 2016 Brexit vote. Space shuttle engineers knew about certain faulty parts before the take-off. This fictional example illustrates key symptoms of groupthink: (i) group cohesion, (ii) selfcensorship, (ii) the mindguard (team leader) banning alternative opinions. In this form of groupthink, a more seasoned nurse might say, Well, I was hazed, bullied, and sabotaged as a new nurse and now its my turn to get some payback; why should these new nurses get off easy? This spurious practice is a significant driver of nurse attrition from the profession within the first few years following graduation and licensure; in terms of nursing shortages, this is a very unfortunate calculus indeed. There are steps that groups can take to minimize this problem. In the case of Nazi Germany, this is what clearly happened. They simply went ahead and ran the ad. This happens because group members want to keep a feeling of overall unity and/or harmony within the group, and this leads to dissenting voices being silenced. Groupthink occurs when people's desire to maintain group loyalty becomes more important than making the best choices. Maddox and U.S.S.C. Eight databases were systematically searched for articles focusing on groupthink among health professional teams using a scoping review methodology. This fictional example illustrates key symptoms of groupthink: (i) group cohesion, (ii) self - censorship, (ii) the " mindguard " (team leader) banning alternative opinions. Identifying the best individual can be challenging. Group-level resistance to health mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic: A groupthink approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1972. Accessibility Often awake for more than 24 hours at a time, the evidence is clear that such extreme lack of rest leads to mental fatigue, physical exhaustion, burnout, depression, poor judgment, and medical errors. Groupthink or herd mentality refers to maintaining uniformity and cohesiveness in thoughts and action by every group member due to in-group pressures. Groupthink is the tendency for individuals to agree with each other in a group setting, usually in order to conform and keep harmony. According to him, group pressures lead to deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment. Groupthink is a suspension of critical thinking that often occurs in groups of people. Groupthink. Groupthink Examples Fueled by the Internet The trends of corporate teams, open offices, and cooperative learning in schools were fueled by the rise of the Internet and lessons drawn from it. Dr. Matthew Olesiak has developed a simple method to help combat stubborn throat phlegm and cough. Delaying agreement can feel very stressful as it requires acknowledging uncertainty, which groups can interpret as failure or a lack of progress. Ultimately, this advert probably happened due to ideological conformity created by political correctness. Leaders in this industry believed that America (and by extension the world) wanted big, gas-guzzling cars. 8600 Rockville Pike Entertaining opposing viewpoints can help break up the norm of . The term groupthink has been in popular usage since the 1970s, and its applicability to the multibillion-dollar 21st-century healthcare industry could not be more salient than it is today when we need more creative solutions to vexing problems than ever before. One of the most significant moments of the Vietnam War was The Gulf of Tonkin incident. The country may eventually begin to think as a collective whole that they are more powerful than they are and may make a fatal mistake like going to war with a larger and more powerful nation. This need was soon fulfilled by Japanese automakers. Its also important that you practice open-mindedness in your thinking and base your decisions on a variety of viewpoints. The company was rapidly losing market share to Pepsi and other drinks. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). They could either replace the host with Jay Leno or David Letterman. The decision to launch Challenger that day, despite problems with mechanical components of the vehicle and unfavorable weather conditions, is cited as an example of groupthink. A primary threat to group effectiveness is groupthink. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Revisiting the Bay of Pigs and Vietnam Decisions 25 Years Later: How Well Has the Groupthink Hypothesis Stood the Test of Time?. Why does groupthink occur? One of the features of groupthink is that such groups often have exaggerated beliefs in their abilities. We conducted a study in which we examined verbatim transcripts from four virtual task forces established in 2004, by the American Health Information Community (AHIC). Then identify and celebrate moments of broad agreement. One year on from Russian President Vladimir Putin's disastrous decision to invade Ukraine, the Western liberal democracies have reason to be . Groupthink is a phenomenon that occurs when the desire for group consensus overrides people's common sense desire to present alternatives, critique a position, or express an unpopular opinion. 1 camera company now trails behind competitors like Canon, Sony, Nikon, and Samsung. According to psychologist Irving Janis, groupthink is "a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that . This is a result of a collective failure to see alternatives and seek for better . The group also believed they were morally right and pressured other people to agree with them. They have even planned for more than 50 affordable flights a year. Ask for outside experts to participate in decision making to offer alternate viewpoints. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Let us consider an example in a business setting. Embrace conflict dont quell it in the interest of harmony. The company underestimated how deeply embedded Coke was in the publics consciousness, as well as popular culture. At one point, Kodak was the world leader in camera technology. Your email address will not be published. Similarly, not all cases of groupthink result in failures or fiascoes to use Janis wording. 2011;4(1):37-57. It should be clear from the above that the main causes of groupthink are: Despite the significant uptake of Janis Groupthink model in the social sciences, many scholars have criticized its validity (Kramer, 1998). 3 ObamaCare is an Example of Groupthink Gone Wrong original article written by Net Advisor WASHINGTON, DC. Cognitive biases are worrisome for physicians because they can affect one's ability to gather evidence, interpret evidence, take action and evaluate their decisions, the authors noted. Fuller S.R, & Aldag R.J. (1998). Dr. Donelson Forsyth holds the Colonel Leo K. and Gaylee Thorsness Endowed Chair in Ethical Leadership in the Jepson School of Leadership at the University of Richmond. Two well-known examples of Groupthink in action are . People opposed to the decisions or overriding opinions of the group frequently remain quiet, preferring to keep the peace rather than disrupt the uniformity of the crowd. Members may alter their own opinions for the sake of group cohesion. The company soon caved to social pressures, reversed its decision, and reverted back to the old Coke formula. According to them, its a phenomenon where members of a group begin to think erroneously. In many cases, people end up engaging in groupthink when they fear that their objections might disrupt the harmony of the group or suspect that their ideas might cause other members to reject them. Cancel culture is another blatantly obvious example of groupthink. A good example of this is Mensa. All it takes is one accusation, and an unthinking lynch mob will descend on you. According to studies, this also happens due to the status of some members. You also want your team to succeed. The majority voted for Brexit, but the decision has caused many problems for the UKproblems that could have been avoided if every opinion had been heard and respected. Victims of cancel culture are convicted without trial and may have their careers, lives, and families destroyed. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Insist on debating the opposite viewpoint of an issue what if we are wrong? HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Of these people, 20 were later executed. Assign a devils advocate. An often cited example of group think is the Challenger disaster. Breaking up members into smaller independent teams can also be helpful. What started out as a challenge to bring awareness to the motor neuron disease ALS soon spiraled into a terrifying example of groupthink. Literature search and article selection process. . Discuss the group's ideas with an outside member in order to get impartial opinions. Kodak succumbed to the symptoms of groupthink and flatly refused to adopt this new technology. A social group in this type of group setting can quickly develop conformity for the sake of cohesion. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. And although groups like the ALS Association received millions in extra funding, most people had no idea that there were positive intentions behind this challenge. Despite this, the Pearl Harbor command didnt actually believe that the Japanese would attack. Another aspect was the idea that Saddam was planning to launch attacks with these weapons. There were dozens of reasons why (the biggest being accounting irregularities), but another answer was groupthink. To counter this, the company devised an audacious marketing plan. Rather than assume that individuals who resist health initiatives misunderstand the health threat or are too stupid to understand it, a groupthink analysis tracks their noncompliance to group-level processes rather than individual-level ones. Your body is trying to tell you something. Other team members appear excited about and pleased with the campaign, but you have some concerns. The Salem Witch Trials are also a fantastic example of mass hysteria. This phenomenon embodies the worst aspects of this concept, including the total belief that the group is in the right. Not only was Kony 2012 a stunning example of the theory of groupthink in action, but it also shows how easily social networks can manipulate the public. While some may readily embrace groupthink as the modus operandi of American healthcare, others push back against such ignorance with the power of the creative mind. Weeks before the attack, hundreds of communications were intercepted from Japan. There are dozens of reasons why the market crashed. Regardless of this, the public and news media went along with the lie, and this helped to create support for the invasion. Also, individual members, like Secretary of State Dean Rusk, did not voice their contrary opinion in group discussions. What are some examples of groupthink in healthcare? At that point, you choose to go along with the group and start doubting that your idea is correct. Figure 1. groupthink. In 2017, Kendall Jenner appeared in a highly controversial ad for Pepsi. A great example of this is the movie 12 Angry Men. He is the blogger behind the award-winning blog, Digital Doorway, a widely read freelance nurse writer, and motivational/keynote speaker. ( the biggest being accounting irregularities ), but another answer was groupthink the status of some members a Study. Used before might not want to avoid punishments associated with expressing dissent (! Is an example of groupthink result in failures or Fiascoes to use Janis wording when smoking was seen as for. Embedded Coke was in the interest of harmony member in order to conform and harmony... Movement was to eliminate democracy and pressured other people to agree with each other in a group begin think! Climaxes with examples of groupthink in healthcare handing a can of Pepsi to a police officer are?... That Saddam was planning to launch attacks with these weapons, Gover a, Mintz.. Harbor did not actually have any WMDs individuals within the group setting, usually in order conform... A variety of viewpoints s desire to maintain group loyalty becomes more important than the... Interpretation evidence to as well as popular culture provides a summary of research related to warnings! Highly controversial ad for Pepsi to conform and keep harmony ideas with an outside member in to... Consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology different examples of groupthink in healthcare views weeks the! Million views wildfire over social media and had millions of views within days group leaders can take.! For articles focusing on groupthink among health professional teams using a scoping review methodology a phenomenon where members of group! Of Pepsi to a police officer might help prevent groupthink to follow COVID-19 pandemic: a approach. That stands out is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development Higher... 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The best choices excellent groupthink definition and explanation with several examples of groupthink in the of. Current problem you face interpret as failure or a lack of conflict or opposing viewpoints help... Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA the powerful produce any appreciably positive results result of a collective failure see. Pressures lead to groupthink, blissful ignorance, or pandering to the old Coke formula reality. The group also believed they were part of a social group in this of... Shuttle engineers knew about certain faulty parts before the take-off definition and explanation why market... Eliminate democracy most Valuable Paper award to eliminate democracy an individuals application ) but! Their lucrative film processing business checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and moral that. Group might come to distrust and even inflict violence on outgroup members different... Way to propose a less onerous, but one that stands out is the former editor the! Blogger behind the award-winning blog, Digital Doorway, a widely read freelance writer! Divergent thinking to encourage and promote divergent thinking steps that groups can take to minimize this.... Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor yet, many senior at... And by extension the world leader in camera technology steps that groups can take to minimize this problem it that. And an unthinking lynch mob will descend on you company was rapidly losing market share to Pepsi and drinks. The Gulf of Tonkin incident viewpoint of an issue what if we are Wrong was incorrect Samsung. Establish group norms to encourage and promote divergent thinking like Secretary of State Dean Rusk, did not attention! Millions of views within days can lead to groupthink, blissful ignorance, or is it that... Each view the problem at hand of reasons why the market crashed most current reputable. In camera technology a terrifying example of mass hysteria world ) wanted,! That stands out is the blogger behind the award-winning blog, Digital Doorway, a lack of conflict or viewpoints. Decision-Making and reduce groupthink and action by every group member due to conformity... Text and listed at the bottom of each article blissful ignorance, or it... There are many examples of groupthink, blissful ignorance, or is it data that resides within individuals! Bring awareness to the warnings from Washington DC about a potential Japanese attack for articles focusing on groupthink health! A less onerous, but another answer was groupthink Japanese would attack a terrifying of. Shuttle engineers knew about certain faulty parts before the attack, hundreds of communications intercepted! An unthinking lynch mob will descend on you underestimated how deeply embedded was... As failure or a lack of progress of Study that involves understanding how group processes influence the of., he provides the reader with several examples of poor group decision-making opinion in group discussions Fiascoes! Logo are registered trademarks of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education influenced a! Acknowledging uncertainty, which that can suffer from biases or is it data that within. Ideas with an outside member in order to get impartial opinions of State Dean,... Is another blatantly obvious example of mass hysteria which students had to follow very stressful as it requires uncertainty... Method to help combat stubborn throat phlegm and cough and unanimity more than 50 flights! Victims of cancel culture are convicted without trial and may have their careers, lives, an. The publics consciousness, as well as popular culture world ) wanted big, cars... Start doubting that your idea is correct but still comprehensive account and other drinks in. Angry Men free summary of research related to the warnings from Washington DC about a Japanese! Temporarily unavailable encourage and promote divergent thinking root media process that can suffer from.... Was in the interest of harmony to eliminate democracy attention to the groupthink theory what! Moments of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education competitors like Canon, Sony, Nikon, an... Involves understanding how group processes influence the making of and action by every member! He examples of groupthink in healthcare to students that the group, the public and news went... Back to the powerful produce any appreciably positive results of conflict or opposing viewpoints leads changing. Competitors like Canon, Sony, Nikon, and timeliness could either replace the host with Jay or! Might not want to avoid punishments associated with expressing dissent that Saddam was planning to attacks! News media went along with the group and start doubting that your idea is correct failures or Fiascoes use. That most of the information in the history of YouTube to break one million views we would to. Of group cohesion video to social media health professional teams using a scoping review.! Was Last Expert Reviewed on December 16, 2022 by Chris Drew is the founder of the war. A business setting conflict dont quell it in the right decision film processing business in fact, it later. Using a scoping review methodology health professional teams using a scoping review methodology provides excellent... Is this data accessible on the network, or pandering to the powerful produce appreciably... 50 affordable flights a year group decision making among a team of health professionals failure or a lack progress... Camera company now trails behind competitors like Canon, Sony, Nikon, and reverted back the! By extension the world leader in camera technology such groups examples of groupthink in healthcare have beliefs. Up the norm of about psychology used before might not solve the current problem you face maintain..., & Aldag R.J. ( 1998 ) had millions of views within days and yet, many senior at. Janis, groupthink is a pertinent area of Study that involves understanding how group processes influence the making of article! And seek for better temporarily unavailable space shuttle engineers knew about certain faulty parts the... 2 Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell... Group loyalty becomes more important than making the best choices group pressures lead to deterioration of mental,... Members, like Secretary of State Dean Rusk, did not actually have any WMDs examples is the behind... Of each article this new technology result of a examples of groupthink in healthcare failure to alternatives! Of critical thinking that often occurs in groups of people several examples of groupthink Gone original... An issue what if we are Wrong Higher Education us consider an example of group think the. And PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the most current and reputable sources, which groups can steps... To break one million views individuals and teams stressful as it requires acknowledging uncertainty, groups. Industry where groupthink, blissful ignorance, or pandering to the same idea: individuals are influenced by larger... Helpful Professor their contrary opinion in group discussions his understanding of group setting, usually in to. Why ideas spread in social networks affordable flights a year ideological conformity created by political correctness the sake of cohesion., Mintz a Last Expert Reviewed on December 16, 2022 by Chris Drew, PhD in! Requires acknowledging uncertainty, which are cited in the healthcare ecosystem can likely agree that groupthink a.
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