Moscovice LR, Gimsa U, Otten W, Eggert A. The decision can be made only by carefully weighing the potential benefits which oxytocin can provide in a given case against rare but definite potential for the drug to produce hypertonicity or tetanic spasm. These differences were expected considering (1) variations in OXT concentrations have been reported when different OXT quantification methods are used [38], circumstance occurring among the three studies mentioned above, including the present report and (2) that differences between species in other SP components (proteins) had been previously reported and could due to species-related differences in mating strategy (vaginal vs uterine) [39]. Following intramuscular injection of the drug, uterine response occurs within 3 to 5 minutes and persists for 2 to 3 hours. Despite these considerations, there was a good reliability among ejaculates within boar, as ICC (3,1) was 0.78 (0.610.90; 95%). Hhn U, Fritzsch M, Dahms R. Control of fertility outcome in artificially inseminated gilts and old sows. A total of 101 litters were evaluated from the first farm and 373 litters were evaluated in the second trial. Some examples of contraindications include the following: In cases where Pitocin is contraindicated, other methods of induction, such as intentionally rupturing the amniotic sac, waiting for labor to occur naturally, or a cesarean section may be used. These specific 18 boars were moreover grouped (hierarchical clustering, P<0.001) into three sub-groups groups according to deviations in farrowing rate: positive (from 1.81% to 7.54%, n=6), without (from 0.74% to 1.44%, n=7) and negative (from 1.53% to 2.79%, n=5) deviation (Fig. All Rights Reserved | No part of this site may be reproduced without permission. Therefore, the measurement of the SP concentrations of OXT could lead to a better selection of boars used in AI programs, contributing to the successful improvement of AI efficiency. It is convenient to piggyback the Pitocin infusion on a physiologic electrolyte solution, permitting the Pitocin infusion to be stopped abruptly without interrupting the electrolyte infusion. Epub 2018 May 14. Artificial insemination in pigs: predicting male fertility. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Cookies policy. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Synthetic Identification of relevant in vivo biomarkers for fertility remains a challenge for the livestock industry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145:777780. If the patient has an intravenous infusion running, 10 to 40 units of oxytocin may be added to the bottle, depending on the amount of electrolyte or dextrose solution remaining (maximum 40 units to 1000 mL). Saliva can be a noninvasive way to measure oxytocin, which is very useful in species such as the pig where blood collection can produce a high degree of stress. The desired pattern can be different for each woman. The influence of seminal plasma on offspring development and health. Ejaculates with higher SP-OXT concentration/mL (hierarchically grouped; P<0.001) had larger volume and came from younger boars (P<0.05). Moreover, the presence of OXT in semen has also been documented in men [26, 27] and stallions [23] and a putative role of SP-OXT on both sperm functionality and female genital tract performance has been suggested [27]. It is naturally produced by the body in a brain region known as the hypothalamus and secreted by the pituitary gland. When peripheral nerves are stimulated, oxytocin is released into circulation wher it acts to induce smooth muscle contraction. The following are further recommendations for properly using oxytocin: Oxytocin should not be used as a substitute for obstetrical assistance. In this study, a new assay for oxytocin measurement was developed, analytically validated, and used to measure possible changes in oxytocin in saliva of female pigs at different days after farrowing. 2018 Oct;80(10):e22871. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Lpez-Arjona M, Mainau E, Navarro E, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Escribano D, Mateo SV, Manteca X, Cern JJ, Martnez-Subiela S. BMC Vet Res. Meconium staining is a good indicator that the piglets are oxygen deprived. The use of Pitocin provides a reliable, safe, medically-controlled way to induce labor that helps speed along the deliveries of millions of babies each year. 2019;6:436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00436. Article Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Recuero S, Fernandez-Fuertes B, Bonet S, Barranco I, Yeste M. Potential of seminal plasma to improve the fertility of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. More research is required to elucidate this matter. Lefevre A, Mottolese R, Dirheimer M, Mottolese C, Duhamel J-R, Sirigu A. 2003;81(4):8219. The data reported in the present study showed that OXT was present at measurable concentrations in the SP from all ejaculates analyzed, with the highest volume ejaculates and those from the youngest boars showing the highest concentrations. Exploring seminal plasma GSTM3 as a quality and in vivo fertility biomarker in pigsrelationship with sperm morphology. Its rapid removal from plasma is accomplished largely by the kidney and the liver. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.11.016. Finally, 10L of donor beads (20g/mL) was added to each well and the plates incubated at RT in darkness for 30min. The percentage of viable spermatozoa exhibiting high plasma membrane fluidity (H-42+/ Yo-Pro-1/M-540+) was recorded. This situation evidences that the conventional semen analyses routinely used in AI centers for selecting boars and/or ejaculates are not reliable enough to foresee the reproductive performance of seminal AI-doses [4]. The parameters assessed were: (1) ejaculate volume, (2) sperm concentration, (3) total sperm count, (4) sperm morphology, (5) sperm motility (total and progressive), (6) integrity of plasma and acrosomal sperm membranes (sperm viability), (7) intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by viable spermatozoa and (8) membrane lipid disorder of viable spermatozoa. While oxytocin the concentration of OXT in the ejaculate is merely an indicator of the fertility of the male, regardless of the use of AI or natural mating. 1998;49(4):82936. 1994;140(1):6372. The positive relationship found in our study between SP-OXT and in vivo fertility would be supported by many empirical studies that demonstrated the positive effects of supplementing semen AI-doses with OXT on swine fertility [29,30,31,32,33,34]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001. Violin plots showing the oxytocin (OXT) concentration measured in seminal plasma (SP) samples from entire ejaculates (n=61) collected from boars of different breeds (Duroc, n=14; Pietrain, n=18; Landrace, n=15; Large White, n=14) used as semen donors in artificial insemination programs. Prostaglandin is one of the hormones that is produced naturally by the sow to end pregnancy and start the farrowing process. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. Seminal OXT was measured using a direct competitive immunoassay test based on AlphaLISA technology, adapted to pig SP samples, using a monoclonal anti-oxytocin antibody highly specific for OXT [36] (Fig. Only small amounts are excreted in urine unchanged. Correspondence to https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01157-3. J Proteome Res. Mostafa T, Rashed LA, Osman I, Marawan M. Seminal plasma oxytocin and oxidative stress levels in infertile men with varicocele. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.029. A Mann Whitney test or an independent t-test were performed to evaluate potential differences on ejaculate characteristics between both SP-OXT groups at the two evaluation times (at 0 and 72h of liquid storage at 17C). 8600 Rockville Pike When oxytocin is used for induction or reinforcement of already existent labor, patients should be carefully selected. Local OXT synthesis and the presence of OXT receptor (OXTR) have been located in the male reproductive tract of several mammalian species (pig: [20]; cow: [21]; rat: [22]; horse: [23]; sheep: [24]; human: [25]). Administer oxygen to the mother, who preferably should be put in a lateral position. Electronic fetal monitoring provides the best means for early detection of overdosage (see. Three technical replicates (with 10,000 events positive to Hoechst 33342 [H-42]) were analyzed for each semen sample. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-120-3-986. Carefully regulating the dose helps to minimize complications and allows your doctor or midwife to mimic the course of normal labor as much as possible. Intravenous infusion of 10 units of Pitocin added to 500 mL of a physiologic saline solution or 5% dextrose-in-water solution may help the uterus contract after a suction or sharp curettage for an incomplete, inevitable, or elective abortion. Unlike the Mostaf study [27], the boars included in our study were all fertile, to a greater or lesser extent, but fertile. Which one of the following medications contains ADH and oxytocin is a ration of 20:1? Seitchik J, Castillo M: Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. Lpez-Arjona M, Mateo SV, Escribano D, Tecles F, Cern JJ, Martnez-Subiela S. Domest Anim Endocrinol. WebOxytocin is a natural hormone that manages key aspects of the female and male reproductive systems, including labor and delivery and lactation, as well as aspects of https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00476.x. A Procedure for Oxytocin Measurement in Hair of Pig: Analytical Validation and a Pilot Application. Statistical differences were defined as P<0.05. Reproduction. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS; Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to extend semen samples for flow cytometry analyses. Multiparous patients. Further future studies are mandatory to determine which threshold is positively affecting the fertility of the AI-doses or whether the relationship with fertility has an inherent male fertility aspect rather than with the ejaculate, e.g. Boars of the same breed are genetically very similar, at least those used in our study. Despite their significance, the Spearman correlation coefficients were below 0.5. https://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR895. Oxytocin promotes contractions by increasing the intracellular Ca2+. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This research indicates that the reason for increased stillbirths was increased ruptured umbilical cords leading to compromise of the pigs oxygen supply during the birth process. The boars were housed in a Spanish AI-center (AIM Ibrica; Topigs Norsvin Spain SLU, Calasparra, Murcia, Spain), that complied with the Spanish and European rules for both animal health and welfare and for the marketing of seminal AI-doses (Spanish: ES300130640127, August 2006; European: ES13RS04P, July 2012). Oxytocin is a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, a pea-sized structure at the base of the brain. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with oxytocin. Drug class: Uterotonic agents. Labor and birth. The liquid Pitocin medication is diluted with a standard saline solution and given in an intravenous (IV) drip. Entire ejaculates were collected using a semi-automatic collection method (Collectis, IMV Technologies, LAigle, France) and those used in the experiments exceeded the quantity and sperm quality thresholds for production of semen AI-doses. Pitocin is delivered intravenously in a hospital setting and usually quickly results in increasingly strong contractions. The oxytocin group is the mean of two different oxytocin sources where the sows were administered a single dose of oxytocin after the first pig had been born. Neonatal seizures have been reported with the use of Pitocin. However, recent research has shown that oxytocin use can increase the number of pigs stillborn when used too early in the birth process. Morgan HL, Watkins AJ. There are no animal or human studies on the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of this drug, nor is there any information on its effect on fertility. Attach (piggyback) the Pitocin-containing bottle with the infusion pump to the infusion line as close to the infusion site as possible. Saliva can be a Pitocin (Oxytocin Injection, USP) Synthetic is available as follows: NDC 42023-116-25 Packages of twenty-five oversized 1-mL single-dose vials, each containing 10 units of oxytocin. to avoid possible seasonal effects and whose AI-semen inseminated >100 sows. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 23% of deliveries in the United States are induced. A physician qualified to manage any complications should be immediately available. Antepartum use of Pitocin is contraindicated in any of the following circumstances: Pitocin, when given for induction of labor or augmentation of uterine activity, should be administered only by the intravenous route and with adequate medical supervision in a hospital. 1977;31(4):5616. To the very best of our knowledge, this is apparently the first study measuring the concentration of OXT in pig SP and the first report conducted in a livestock species assessing an eventual putative influence of SP-OXT concentrations on sperm reproductive performance post-AI. The Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the SP concentrations of OXT were correlated with ejaculate volume (R=0.46; P<0.01) and proportions of viable spermatozoa showing both high ROS generation (R=0.34; P<0.05) and high plasma membrane fluidity (R=0.35; P<0.05) in the semen samples analyzed at 0h of liquid storage (AdditionalFile1). From each ejaculate, a semen sample of 5mL was centrifugated twice at room temperature at change to: 1,500 g for 10min (RT, Rotofix 32A, Hettich Centrifuge UK, Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England, UK). New England Journal of Medicine2018; doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1800566, Wei S, Wo BL, Qi HP, et al. Oxytocin: behavioral associations and potential as a salivary biomarker. Theriogenology. Disclaimer. Also, with those reported by Elabd et al. 1998;41(1):1722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.026. Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a in spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labor at term. Its effect on length of insemination, pregnancy rate and litter size. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Oxytocin has a plasma half-life of about 1 to 6 minutes which is decreased in late pregnancy and during lactation. PMC The site is secure. Figure 1 Phases of the bovine estrous cycle. The proved presence of OXTR along segments of the male reproductive tract of several mammalian species would confirm a local action of OXT [45, 46]. Barranco I, Tvarijonaviciute A, Perez-Patino C, Vicente-Carrillo A, Parrilla I, Ceron JJ, et al. Dosage form: injection TGF-1 levels in seminal plasma relates positively to porcine in vivo fertility. Pitocin is the synthetic version of Oxytocin. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Physiological Assessment of the Health and Welfare of Domestic Cats-An Exploration of Factors Affecting Urinary Cortisol and Oxytocin. A neuropeptide in human semen: oxytocin. During the end of pregnancy, the release of oxytocin stimulates the muscles of the uterus. An official website of the United States government. Experimental procedures involving animals were performed in accordance with the European Directive 2010/63/EU and were approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Murcia (research code: 639/2012). WebNeurophysin 1 specifically binds oxytocin. This activation would lead to an increase in myometrial contractions facilitating the passive transport of spermatozoa to the utero-tubal junction thus increasing the total amount of potentially fertilizing spermatozoa in the oviductal reservoirs [28]. To improve AI-efficiency, the latest trends point towards to a reduction in both the sperm numbers per AI-dose and the number of AIs performed per sow, which will lead to more than 6,000 sows being inseminated each year with semen from a single boar [4, 5]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Also, severe meconium staining was higher in live born and still born pigs born in oxytocin treated litters. Quick facts about labor induction. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Of 20:1 gland, a pea-sized structure at the base of the hormones that is produced naturally by the to. 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