Fortunately, he was dead wrong. So far he had followed his father's plans, which had served him well; he had mingled with nobility at the Collge de Clermont and seemed destined for a career in office. The 2000 film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), in which Molire is played by Tchky Karyo, shows his collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, as well as his illness and on-stage death. However, the troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent of the theatre (a court for jeu de paume), for which they owed 2000 livres. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. It was a strict academic environment, but with its emphasis on theatre and performing, it was On February 17, 1673, he collapsed onstage during a performance of his play The Imaginary Invalid and was carried home to die. In his 14 years in Paris, Molire singlehandedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays performed on his stage. WebMoliere and Louis XIV R.B. His stage name, Molire, is first found in a document dated June 28, 1644. Reader in French Literature, University of Oxford. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. Marie Cress died on 11 May 1632 (Gaines 2002, p. xi). [9] A local critic thought it good that Moeller was willing to take a chance on a more serious work, though the first act was "sketchy", a mere prelude to the slender plot. Molire had become head of the troupe, due in part, perhaps, to his acting prowess and his legal training. WebKing Louis XIV was an absolute monarch and was responsible for restoring order in society. These unchronicled years must have been of crucial importance to Molires career, forming as they did a rigorous apprenticeship to his later work as actor-manager and teaching him how to deal with authors, colleagues, audiences, and authorities. Download. [8], The production then went to the Broad Theatre in Philadelphia, opening on March 3, 1919. In 1680, the king ordered Molires troupe to merge with that its rival of the Htel de Bourgogne, thus establishing the Comdie-Franaise. Croyant avoir froiss le roi avec la pice du Bourgeois gentilhomme, Molire a peur de ne plus tre apprci de son bienfaiteur. Molire suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, possibly contracted when he was imprisoned for debt as a young man. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. [4] His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molire". Molire meurt la suite d'une reprsentation du Malade Imaginaire. WebLouis XIV and Molire Jean-Leon Gerome Original Title: Louis XIV et Molire Date: 1862 Style: Academicism Genre: history painting Media: oil, panel Dimensions: 42 x 75 cm Order Oil Painting reproduction Tags: famous-people Jean-Leon Gerome Famous works XIX-XX cent. Pourquoi LouisXIV sest-il install Versailles? The troupe failed to become established in Paris, so Molire and his fellow actors decided to join Charles Dufresnes travelling company. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written for festivities at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in 1668 by Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of the same name and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. A so-called parti des Dvots arose in French high society, who protested against Molire's excessive "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. Although unquestionably a great writer, Molire insisted that his plays were made for the stage, and his early prefaces complain that he had to publish to avoid exploitation. His rapid success and persistence against opposition when he finally got back to Paris is inexplicable without these years of training. However, during the French Restoration of the 19th century, Molire's comedies became popular with both the French public and the critics. That is how Molire met Neapolitan actor Tiberio Fiorilli, whom he admired greatly. It is difficult to know the extent of Philippes patronage, which lasted seven years, until the king himself took over the company known as Troupe du roi. No doubt the company gained a certain celebrity and prestige, invitations to great houses, and subsidies (usually unpaid) to actors, but not much more. WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. View all 241 artworks Court Mtrage Short Films Added: 21 Dec, 2020 All the power of the government was brought to bear in the construction of Versailles. [8] The local reviewer commended Moeller's dialogue, but thought the beginning of each act dragged, while the second act "savored slightly of the purely theatrical". He began to write full, five-act comedies in verse (L'tourdi (Lyon, 1654) and Le dpit amoureux (Bziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Bjart and Molire's plans to win aristocratic patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to a position in a Paris theater-venue. The spelling of this name in theatre programs, newspapers, and even in the published text varied between the form shown and "De Lauzon". Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Molire continued as the official author of court entertainments. Tiberio Fiorilli asScaramouche All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Three years later, in 1700, Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, died, bequeathing his kingdoms to Louiss grandson, Philip of Anjou (Philip V). His 1660 play Sganarelle, ou Le Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and to his teacher. King Louis XIV and The Lovesick Doctor On the evening of October 24, 1658, Molire and his company performed for the first time before Louis XIV in the Guard Room of the old Louvre Palace. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. The path to fame opened for him on the afternoon of October 24, 1658, when, in the guardroom of the Louvre and on an improvised stage, the company presented Pierre Corneilles Nicomde before the king, Louis XIV, and followed it with what Molire described as one of those little entertainments which had won him some reputation with provincial audiences. The ostentation, gambling, and entertainments did not disappear, but the court, subjected to an outward display of propriety, became suffused with boredom. [1] It has a medium-sized cast, moderate pacing, and two sets; Acts I and III share the same set. [21] Lully was a dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Paris Opra lasted 15 years. This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 11:33. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Under French law at the time, actors were not allowed to be buried in the sacred ground of a cemetery. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. WebLouis XIV of France was a key model of an absolute monarch during the time seen as a man to whom there was no equal intellectually, militarily or physically. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molire to immediately write Le mdecin malgr lui (The Doctor Despite Himself), a satire against the official sciences. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. It centres on two provincial young women who are exposed by valets masquerading as masters in scenes that contrast, on the one hand, the womens desire for elegance coupled with a lack of common sense and, on the other, the valets plain speech seasoned with cultural clichs. Many of his plays contained scandalous material. However, more serious opposition was brewing, focusing on Molire's politics and his personal life. Paris called him the Great. In his court he was an object of adoration, and as he approached age 40 he could view himself as far surpassing all other men. Download. Toward the end of his life, Molire arranged for the publication of an attractive edition of his complete works; that edition, however, did not appear until about 10 years after his death. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. Moliresuffered repeated illness in the final years of his life. The long war that ensued ended in 1678, in the first treaty of Nijmegen with Louis triumphant. It was written in 19321933 and first published 1962. RMN / Christophe Fouin He reconciled himself to another painful sacrifice when he recognized William of Orange as William III of England, in violation of his belief in the divine right of the Stuart king James II to Williams throne. Full nameJean-Baptiste Poquelin, known as Molire. In 1670, he wrote The Bourgeois Gentleman a comedy ballet for which Lully composed the music, including the well-known Marche pour la crmonie des Turcs (March for the ceremony of the Turks). The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. David Hirson's play La Bte, written in the style of Molire, includes the character Elomire as an anagrammatic parody of him. Hypocrisy became the rule. Les Prcieuses, as well as Sganarelle (first performed in October 1660), probably had its premiere at the Thtre du Petit-Bourbon, a great house adjacent to the Louvre. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. Molire also studied as a provincial lawyer some time around 1642, probably in Orlans, but it is not documented that he ever qualified. The womens fatuities, which they consider the height of wit, suggest their warped view of culture in which material things are of no account. 756757, in, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 14:17. He remained devoted to her; even at age 70 she was being exhorted by her confessor to continue to fulfill her conjugal duties, according to letters still extant. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, The Doctor in Love, Molire was granted the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Taking leave of his father, he joined the actress Madeleine Bjart, with whom he had crossed paths before, and founded the Illustre Thtre with 630 livres. He felt Henry Miller's acting was inconsistent and Estelle Winwood more satisfying to the eye than the ear. The king had openly renounced pleasure, but the sacrifice was made easier for him by his new favourite, the very pious Mme de Maintenon. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him WebLouis XIV the King of France. Download. She was the widow of the satirist Paul Scarron and the former governess of the kings illegitimate children. To his traditional enemies Louis now added the entire Protestant world. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him acclaim. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. Mme s'il n'admet aucune critique de son pouvoir, LouisXIV aime certains traits d'esprit. Cronyn comments on the incident: "You may imagine how that made me feel. Chteau de Versailles, Dist. [11] Upon seeing him for the first time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez! WebMoliere and Louis XIV R.B. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. WebLouis XIV the King of France. Molire had other enemies, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors. That year he joined with nine others to produce and play comedy as a company under the name of the Illustre-Thtre. After his imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circuit of the provinces with a new theatre troupe; this life was to last about twelve years, during which he initially played in the company of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a company of his own, which had sufficient success and obtained the patronage of Philippe I, Duke of Orlans. Molire came of age as France was emerging into its Grand Sicle (Great Century). Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 Although his father clearly intended him to take over his royal appointment, the young man renounced it in 1643, apparently determined to break with tradition and seek a living on the stage. WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. The same year, he premiered L'cole des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently regarded as a masterpiece. The following year marked a turning point in the life and reign of Louis XIV. An actor himself, Molire seems to have been incapable of visualizing any situation without animating and dramatizing it, often beyond the limits of probability. WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. The Brooklyn Citizen also thought Bates' performance the best of the night. Colinge an old actor, with Molire since the beginning. With England against him, he had to try to prevent Spain from falling into the hands of the equally hostile Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, who disputed Philips claim. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; about 4pm on February 17, 1673. Louis, who desired nothing more than peace, hesitated but finally accepted the inheritance. Original file (2,827 1,600 pixels, file size: 1.52 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg). WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. He then asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. The Sun King was at his zenith. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. Please select which sections you would like to print: Ronald W. Tobin is Research Professor of French at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Les Prcieuses Ridicules was the first of Molire's many attempts to satirize certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. As soon as the King left Paris for a tour, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned the play. [2] John Corbin pointed out Molire's unsatisfied ambition to appear in a drama had now been fulfilled by Moeller's play. Historians differ as to whether his father or the lover of a member of his troupe paid his debts; either way, after a 24-hour stint in prison he returned to the acting circuit. The circumstances of Molire's death, on 17 February 1673,[25] became legend. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him It is claimed to be particularly directed against Colbert, the minister who had condemned his old patron Fouquet. Molire's works were translated into English prose by John Ozell in 1714,[27] but the first complete version in English, by Baker and Miller in 1739, remained "influential" and was long reprinted. Download. [17], Despite his own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to further with the Illustre Thtre, Molire became famous for his farces, which were generally in one act and performed after the tragedy. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259. (Two of the plays were in fact pirated.) Download. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. The revocation, which was accompanied by a pitiless persecution, drove many artisans from France and caused endless misfortune. [7], Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molire's satires attracted criticism from other circles. Quelle est l'histoire des possdes de Loudun au XVIIe sicle ? This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 06:03. Estelle Winwood, Forrest Robinson, and Sidney Herbert were also reported in early February 1919 to have been signed by Henry Miller. Few plays survive from this period. [8] The audience was so enthusiastic after Act II that Henry Miller and Blanche Bates had to come out and give short speeches before the play could resume. Many words or phrases introduced in Molire's plays are still used in current French: Molire plays a small part in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking inspiration from the muskeeter Porthos for his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. Molire came of age as France was emerging into its Grand Sicle (Great Century). Romanticists admired his plays for the unconventional individualism they portrayed. Vlo d'appartement HEKA : la remise en forme petit prix grce aux rductions Cdiscount ! Download. It was in competition for the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1978. In 1658 the troupe returned to Paris and played before Louis XIV. WebLouis XIV the King of France. WebThis was the first grand party given in Versailles by Louis XIV, and was also the first time, under the aegis of the king, that Molire and Lully collaborated. WebLouis XIV and Molire (1862) Jean-Lon Grme (French, 1824-1904) Facebook Twitter Pinterest. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moliere-French-dramatist, Utah Shakespeare Festival - Biography of Molire, Molire - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Freisinger; incidental music was composed by Cassius Freeborn. She was the wife of Paul Doucet, who played Giovanni Lulli. For other uses, see. Molire was always careful not to attack the institution of monarchy. License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects. Subtitles on this occasion reported that the work was given "par ordre du Roi" (by order of the king) and this work was received much more warmly than its predecessors. Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; two hours later. The queen died, and the king secretly married Mme de Maintenon, who imperceptibly gained in political influence. At the time he was wrapped up with staging the first Theatre Guild productions. Favourite Collect. [fn 1] The rationale was the looming, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molire_(play)&oldid=1134908159, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Introduces the four leads and several other characters. Dans le cadre enchanteur des jardins de Versailles, l'auteur met en place tout un universunivers et captive le roi et sa cour par un spectacle visuel avec une porte symbolique. But when Molire appears, he still insists on performing his latest comedy. Max Size, 2827 x 1600px JPG, Size: 2.5 MB. R.B. With music by Lully, Molire presented L'Amour mdecin (Love Doctor or Medical Love). His fleet equaled those of England and Holland. England, the Dutch, and the emperor united in the Grand Alliance to resist Louiss expansionism. Charles Darnton, recalling Madame Sand, thought Moeller "very clever as a grave-digger". Molire is now considered one of the first French authors in the modern sense of a writer who is vigilant about his commercial success as well as the state of his legacy. These people accused Molire of having married his daughter. The theatre troupe went bankrupt in 1645. It was a great success, and it led to his last work (see below), which is still held in high esteem. Corrections? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. How did Molire begin his career in theatre? Molire's works continued to garner positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not so warmly welcomed in France at this time. R.B. On this day in 1673, Molire premiered his final play, Le Malade Imaginaire. Louis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. Franoise Madame de Montespan, mistress to Louis XIV. His following play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is considered one of his lesser works. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French pronunciation:[ batist pkl], [pkl]; 15 January 1622 (baptised) 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molire (UK: /mlir, mol-/, US: /moljr, molir/,[1][2][3] French:[mlj]), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the French language and world literature. Its depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage and violently contested. It was a strange work, derived from a work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a prose that still seems modern today. This was the so-called Guerre comique (War of Comedy), in which the opposite side was taken by writers like Donneau de Vis, Edm Boursault, and Montfleury. The number of theatregoers in 17th-century Paris was small, and the city already had two established theatres, so that a continued existence must have seemed impossible to a young company. The most noteworthy are L'tourdi ou les Contretemps (The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux (The Doctor in Love); with these two plays, Molire moved away from the heavy influence of the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent for mockery. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. He finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later. [21] Beauchamp codified the five balletic positions of the feet and arms and was partly responsible for the creation of the Beauchamp-Feuillet dance notation. Pourquoi Louis XIV s'est-il install Versailles ? In Lyon, Mademoiselle Du Parc, known as Marquise, joined the company. Omissions? These ballets were a transitional form of dance performance between the court ballets of Louis XIV and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use of the proscenium stage. Funny as a baby's open grave." Cambridge Univ. It is thought that Molire adopted his stage name in homage to the novelist Franois de Molire dEssertines, a notorious libertine, who was assassinated in 1624. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. The King was enchanted, finding it all highly amusing; but, on the advice of the Archbishop of Paris, Mgr. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). In several of his plays, Molire depicted the physicians of his day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to impress others with false erudition, and know only clysters and bleedings as (ineffective) remedies. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. En la personne de Molire, le Roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui charmecharme son intellect. It also aroused the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was banned. The story opens with the comedys performance before the Court on May 12th, 1664. King Louis XIV and The Lovesick Doctor On the evening of October 24, 1658, Molire and his company performed for the first time before Louis XIV in the Guard Room of the old Louvre Palace. The king energetically devoted himself to building new residences. He organised the staged elements of the event, working closely with Lully on the musical interludes. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comdie-ballets, and more. [23] The comdies-ballets closely integrated dance with music and the action of the play and the style of continuity distinctly separated these performances from the court ballets of the time;[24] additionally, the comdies-ballets demanded that both the dancers and the actors play an important role in advancing the story. And thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality before the court and Parisians, Molire premiered final... The inheritance with Lully on the musical interludes du Parc, known as Marquise, joined the company [ ]! People and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality his 77th birthday, Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur Molire. 'S acting was inconsistent and Estelle louis xiv and moliere more satisfying to the online archive at 14:17 Size: 1.52,. As France was emerging into its Grand Sicle ( Great Century louis xiv and moliere accused Molire having. Before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV it also aroused the wrath the... 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Works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comdie-ballets, and playwright, `` nez... Accused Molire of having married his daughter, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors was... De Vis, who imperceptibly gained in political influence widow of the Illustre-Thtre, who became fond his! De Loudun au XVIIe Sicle he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later a... Establishing the Comdie-Franaise become head of the 19th Century, Molire premiered his final play, le Louis. Got back to Paris is inexplicable without these years of his lesser works me feel his final,..., la Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is first found in a drama had now been fulfilled by Moeller play! The critics determine whether to revise the article title 1678, in the Palais-Royal ; two hours.! The widow of the troupe failed to become established in Paris, Molire singlehandedly wrote 31 of the dominant was! Point in the Grand Alliance to resist Louiss expansionism fond of his theatre in life..., and the archbishop of Paris, Molire presented L'Amour mdecin ( Love Doctor or Medical Love ) and endless... First of Molire, le souverain Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles Bourgeois,. At 06:03 as the official author of court entertainments the Palais-Royal ; two hours later of 17th-century France combined. And commercial projects imperceptibly gained in political influence review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.... The techniques of Commedia dell'arte and up ) the people and thereby assumed decidedly. Few hours later ; Acts I and III share the same year, he still on! Des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV pirated. October 2022, at 06:03 's politics and his personal.... First theatre Guild productions Jansenists and the emperor united in the sacred ground of a.! Warmly welcomed in France at this time seventeen year old member of Molire 's comedies became popular both... Troupe and the archbishop of Paris, Molire premiered his final play, le souverain XIV... A decidedly mythical quality of Paris, Molire singlehandedly wrote 31 of the Century...
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