Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). The mangrove forests were mowed down by bulldozers and evacuated as logs, and in its place white sand was pumped from the sea unto the land. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Abuja, a planned city in the centre of the country, has been the official capital of Nigeria since 1991, although some government offices remain in Lagos, the former capital. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. On its right is the. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. 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This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. With . African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. This is a natural ecological restoration. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. 2020 The Author(s). These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. It was called The Great Garuda (named after the shape of the mythical bird on Indonesia's coat of arms) and meant creating 17 artificial . These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. A concatenation of these activities changes the geography of the location, which eventually leads to the gradual loss of the coastal environment to landscape reclamation. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. 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