Qatar has a constitutional parliament with 30 of the 45 seats elected through popular vote. In such systems, the president has genuine executive authority, but the role of a head of government may be exercised by the prime minister. Everyone is an important cog on the road to a lasting constitutional monarchy" Thai election czar Sawaeng Boonmee, left, and TikTok Thailand's chief of public policy, Chanida Kiyphun, announce a partnership on Feb. 24. Instead, they carry out constitutional, ceremonial and representational duties. [1] Constitutional monarchies differ from absolute monarchies (in which a monarch is the only decision-maker) in that they are bound to exercise powers and authorities within limits prescribed by an established legal framework. Countries governed by constitutional monarchies today include the United Kingdom, Belgium, Norway, Japan, and Thailand. It means the king must appoint a prime minister from the party that wins the most votes and it reaffirmed several civil liberties. At the same time, in Scotland, the Convention of Estates enacted the Claim of Right Act 1689, which placed similar limits on the Scottish monarchy. (Note that for some countries more than one definition applies. Parliamentary democracy - a political system in which the legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the government acquires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as to the parliament. Collective presidency consisting of three members; one for each major ethnic group. Its population is just over 11,000 people. The president is head of state and the prime minister is head of government, although the prime minister generally works under the discretion of the former more so than in a premier-presidential system. For example, in Liechtenstein and Monaco, the ruling monarchs wield significant executive power. The monarchy has been in place since 1719 and the current prince is Hans-Adam II. The central government may or may not be (in theory) a creation of the regional governments. United Kingdom Political History and Theory Congresses and Parliaments Barbados Jamaica Queen Elizabeth is not only the monarch of the United Kingdom (UK), but also of fourteen other countries,. This eventually discredited the Italian monarchy and led to its abolition in 1946. At times, a regent may be the one ruling in case the current monarch is an infant, unavailable, or is incapable of ruling. As a hangover effect of British imperialism, the monarch is also the figurehead of 14 other nations. If you're looking for the names of countries with constitutional monarchy governments then you're in the right place. The . The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state.It is at the core of Canada's constitutional federal structure and Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. Other constitutional monarchies include Belgium, Cambodia, Jordan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Thailand. Constitutional monarchs do not directly rule. Polls show Canadians are split on whether to become a republic, with many believing the British monarch figurehead provides political stability. Countries ruled by constitutional monarchy include the UK, Spain, and Belgium. All the advice on this site is general in nature. The British Monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. a constitutional crisis or a political deadlock). Constitutional monarchies range from countries such as Liechtenstein, Monaco, Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait, and Bahrain, where the constitution grants substantial discretionary powers to the sovereign, to countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Japan, where the Here are some examples of countries with absolute monarchies: These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government, and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. [2] States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional authorities, but where constitutional authority ultimately remains entirely at a national level. There was a failed republican movement and referendum to succeed in 1999 which was led by Malcolm Turnbull, who went on to become prime minister. New Zealand became a constitutional monarchy in 1947 when it gained independence from Britain. In fact, women were only granted the vote in 1984, and the referendum was only passed with 51% of the vote. Spain became a democracy in 1978 and, since, the kings of Spain have mostly faded into ceremonial positions. Since 1783, Bahrain has been ruled by the descendants of Khalifa bin Mohammed. What does it mean to be a constitutional monarchy? ): The United Kingdom, with its unique parliamentary and monarchical traditions, is frequently proposed as the model for everyone else to emulate. Recommendations and Measures adopted at meetings of Antarctic Treaty countries, 3. While Samoa behaves like a constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial head of state who is named in the constitution, this is not technically a requirement within the constituion. Such a case is known as a coregency. LESS. The list you're viewing is made up of many different items, like Saint Lucia and Lesotho. However, its still considered a hybrid regime due to flaws such as lack of press freedom. German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, in his work Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820), gave the concept a philosophical justification that concurred with evolving contemporary political theory and the Protestant Christian view of natural law. The ruler of Kuwait, called the Emir, is always a member of the Al Sabahdynasty. Generally, the Thai people were reverent of Bhumibol. In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. A federal absolute monarchy in which, different monarchies, or in this case, sheikhdoms fulfill both the duty of president and prime minister, although in actuality they are monarchs. Morocco has slowly been moving toward democratic status over recent decades, although the king maintains control over appointing a prime minister, directing the military, and directing foreign affairs. Monarchy Countries Which Country Has a Monarchy? where the executive, judiciary, police or armed forces act on the authority of or owe allegiance to the Crown). States in which the national government shares power with regional governments with which it has legal or constitutional parity. The prime minister is the leader of the government and is democratically elected. The emperor is the son of the sun goddess and is considered sacred. [13] By the end of her reign, however, she could do nothing to block the unacceptable (to her) premierships of William Gladstone, although she still exercised power in appointments to the Cabinet. The prime minister is the head of government and is elected by the people. Lesotho has had kings belonging to the House of Moshoeshoe since 1822. Thailand has had various coups and constitutions in recent decades, but the king has maintained a figurehead position through most of these machinations. Interestingly, the New Zealand parliament has a set number of seats that can only be held by the native Maori population in order to preserve their interests within a democratic system. Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government. Sweeden has had a hereditary monarch since the 16th Century. The British monarch was retained as the head of state and the prime minister was appointed as the head of government. Belgium Belgium is a federal monarchy with a bicameral parliament. . The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II and her representative is the governor-general. Totals Citation Factoid #292 There are 6 absolute monarchies left in the world today. The figurehead monarch is Queen Elizabeth II. King William IV was the last monarch to dismiss a prime minister, when in 1834 he removed Lord Melbourne as a result of Melbourne's choice of Lord John Russell as Leader of the House of Commons. King Abdullah II accepted the demands of Arab Spring protesters to cede more of his power to the democratic bodies. Constitutional democracy - a form of government in which the sovereign power of the people is spelled out in a governing constitution. https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/, What do Portuguese People Look Like? he believes the constitutional monarchy in the UK "remains relevant", and said having a . In these countries, the prime minister holds the day-to-day powers of governance, while the monarch retains residual (but not always insignificant) powers. In some cases nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by constitutional monarchy. Parliamentary constitutional monarchies maintain the monarch as a figurehead without true power. The constitution allocates the rest of the governments power to the legislature and judiciary. Here are some examples of countries with constitutional monarchies: Japan United Kingdom Denmark Absolute Monarchy The monarch has full and absolute political power. As a nation that retains the British monarch as its figurehead, the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. the other, the bishop of Urgell, is appointed by a foreign head of state, the Pope. He has a ceremonial role and is not involved in politics. There are several advantages in having a monarchy in the 21st century. In such a case, the monarch mostly serves religious purposes or symbolism. Papua New Guinea belongs to the Commonwealth of nations, with the British monarch representing the head of state. The appointed figurehead is called O le Ao o le Malo. Fourteen of these maintain the British monarch as their figurehead. The immediate former King, Bhumibol Adulyadej, was the longest-reigning monarch in the world and in all of Thailand's history, before passing away on 13 October 2016. [15] The British Parliament and the Government chiefly in the office of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom exercise their powers under "Royal (or Crown) Prerogative": on behalf of the monarch and through powers still formally possessed by the monarch.[16][17]. The British monarch was retained as the head of state and the prime minister was appointed as the head of government. Constitutional monarchy is Canada's system of government. constitutional monarchy, system of government in which a monarch (see monarchy) shares power with a constitutionally organized government. There are currently 43 monarchies worldwide. The prime minister is the head of government and is elected by the people. [a], These are the approximate categories which present monarchies fall into:[citation needed]. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/constitutional-monarchy, Canadian Encyclopedia - Constitutional Monarchy, The British Monarchy - Constitutional Monarchy. The Australian Senate had threatened to block the Government's budget by refusing to pass the necessary appropriation bills. A non-sovereign monarchy or subnational monarchy is one in which the head of the monarchical polity (whether a geographic territory or an ethnic group), and the polity itself, are subject to a sovereign state. Republic - a representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation. These laws continue to be exercised, providing him with significant protections that regular citizens do not enjoy. However, such powers generally may only be exercised strictly in accordance with either written constitutional principles or unwritten constitutional conventions, rather than any personal political preferences of the sovereign. The Bahamas The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1973 and became a constitutional monarchy. A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. A constitutional monarch, in contrast, is limited by the laws of the Constitution. Another set of Caribbean islands colonized by the British, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gained independence from Britain in 1979. The British monarch is the head of state and is represented by an appointed governor-general. It belongings to the Commonwealth nations with the Queen of England as the figurehead. Among the powers retained by the Thai monarch under the constitution, lse majest protects the image of the monarch and enables him to play a role in politics. Some, such as Qatar and the UAE, are effectively still absolute monarchies where the monarch has near-complete control over the constitutional bodies. Executive constitutional monarchies: Bhutan, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Morocco, Qatar, Tonga and Norway. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. The prime minister is the leader of the government. Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy are different. In some cases, the prime minister is also leader of the legislature, while in other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature (although the entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a vote of no confidence). It is the, 13 Geography Facts That Truly Surprised Us. The Druk Gyalpo clan can appoint government officials, issue pardons, and grant citizenship. Marxism-Leninism - an expanded form of communism developed by Lenin from doctrines of Karl Marx; Lenin saw imperialism as the final stage of capitalism and shifted the focus of workers' struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries. The monarchy under this system of government is a powerful political (and social) institution. A combined head of state and head of government in the form of an executive president is either elected by the legislature or by voters after candidates are nominated for the post by the legislature (in the case of Kiribati), and they must maintain the confidence of the legislature to remain in office. Constitutional Monarchy first emerged in England. So, it technically is a parliamentary republic. These are: Other privileges may be nominal or ceremonial (e.g. The president chooses the prime minister and the cabinet without a confidence vote from the parliament, but must have the support of a parliamentary majority for their selection. As with its neighboring islands, it decided to retain the British monarch as their head of state. The figurehead monarch continues to be Queen Elizabeth II, and she appoints the governor-general as her representative. A constitutional monarchy is a system of government in which the nation recognizes a monarch but also limits his/her power with a national constitution. For example, during the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Governor-General dismissed the Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. In other situations, the son of the monarch may be overlooked, and the monarchs brother becomes the ruler. the United States does not recognize the Taliban government, unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches, parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain, parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK, Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic region is governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty system; the system includes: 1. the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, which establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica, 2. This is a list of current monarchies. [1] Under its constitution, the Chinese President is a largely ceremonial office with limited power. A Short History of the World", "Semi presidential systems and semi constitutional monarchies: A historical assessment of executive power-sharing", "Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej dies at 88", "The Imperial Institution - The Imperial Household Agency", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_monarchy&oldid=1141691922. Constitutional monarchy also occurred briefly in the early years of the French Revolution, but much more widely afterwards. Totals . In the case the monarch is a figurehead, then power is usually wielded and exercised by a legislature or an executive cabinet. Countries with Absolute Monarchies In some constitutional monarchies, like in Japan or Norway, the monarch is only a symbolic head of state without . Since 1917, the king has had little political power. Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority. In some occasions, Roman numerals are used to make a distinction between rulers who share the same name. Nowadays a parliamentary democracy that is a constitutional monarchy is considered to differ from one that is a republic only in detail rather than in substance. Later, Fascist Italy could also be considered a constitutional monarchy, in that there was a king as the titular head of state while actual power was held by Benito Mussolini under a constitution. [2] However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system who heads the Politburo and the Secretariat. Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally organized opposition. Maoism - the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism developed in China by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), which states that a continuous revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to keep in touch with the people. [13] Full parliamentary republican systems that do not have a directly elected head of state usually use either an electoral college or a vote in the legislature to appoint the president. The Principality of Monaco is a city-state on the Mediterranean coast, ruled since 1297 by the House of Grimaldi. There are 13 in Asia, 12 in Europe, 9 in the Americas, 6 in Oceania, and 3 in Africa. Political scientist Vernon Bogdanor, paraphrasing Thomas Macaulay, has defined a constitutional monarch as "A sovereign who reigns but does not rule".[3]. Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy with a grand duke as the figurehead monarch. The United Kingdom is the most famous example of a country with a constitutional monarchy. Liechtenstein is a small country in central Europe with a population of just over 37,000 people. Three of these countries, Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, are ruled by monarchs known as emirs. The meaning of CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY is a system of government in which a country is ruled by a king and queen whose power is limited by a constitution. The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man) and the British Overseas Territories.The current monarch is King Charles III, who ascended the . For a central European nation, it is quite backward politically. A state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. A constitutional monarchy consists of a king or queen whose rule is kept in check by a constitution. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), 4. The monarchy in the Netherlands is a beloved symbol of Dutch national identity. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The president is still both the head of state and government and the prime minister's roles are mostly to assist the president. We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. All these states are governed constitutionally with hereditary succession. Marxism - the political, economic, and social principles espoused by 19th century economist Karl Marx; he viewed the struggle of workers as a progression of historical forces that would proceed from a class struggle of the proletariat (workers) exploited by capitalists (business owners), to a socialist"dictatorship of the proletariat," to, finally, a classless society - Communism. This is a list of sovereign states by system of government. 3 are Arab. Even into the 20th Century and during the General Franco dictatorship, the kings of Spain were involved in backroom politics. One of the ironies about the constitutional monarchy is that it has become associated, first and foremost, with a country that lacks a formal constitution. What is the Difference Between Democrats and Republicans? In the Kingdom of England, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 furthered the constitutional monarchy, restricted by laws such as the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, although the first form of constitution was enacted with the Magna Carta of 1215. Along with the United Kingdom, a few examples of modern constitutional monarchies include Canada, Sweden, and Japan. In semi-presidential systems, there is always both a president and a head of government, commonly but not exclusively styled as a prime minister. Oil giant Saudi Arabia and the small island kingdom of Bahrain are both ruled by kings, while Oman is ruled by a sultan. The monarch acts as both head of state and head of government. Today's monarchs are typically only a symbol of power. Some of the extant sovereign monarchies have lines of succession that go back to the medieval period or antiquity: In Wallis and Futuna, an overseas territory of France in the South Pacific, there are three kingdoms, Uvea, Alo and Sigave, whose monarchs are chosen by local noble families. The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1973 and became a constitutional monarchy. The most recent constitution, put in place in 2003, sustained the monarchs power to veto laws, call referenda, dissolve parliament, and even propose legislation. The United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms are all constitutional monarchies in the Westminster system of constitutional governance. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. However, the legislature needs to pass all bills. The kings have more-or-less been merely figureheads. For example in 1886 she vetoed Gladstone's choice of Hugh Childers as War Secretary in favour of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. There are fifteen constitutional monarchies under King Charles III, which are known as Commonwealth realms. Other monarchies are Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Darussalam, Cambodia, Denmark, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Malaysia, Principality of Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, UAE, and Vatican City State. Islamic republic - a particular form of government adopted by some Muslim states; although such a state is, in theory, a theocracy, it remains a republic, but its laws are required to be compatible with the laws of Islam. By contrast, in ceremonial monarchies, the monarch holds little or no actual power or direct political influence, though they frequently have a great deal of social and cultural influence. Among supporters of constitutional monarchy, however, the event confirmed the monarchy's value as a source of checks and balances against elected politicians who might seek powers in excess of those conferred by the constitution, and ultimately as a safeguard against dictatorship. (Features & Stereotypes), 10 Italian People Features & Stereotypes (What They Look Like), 10 Polish people Features, Characteristics and Stereotypes. In some countries, the monarchy has a religious dimension, with the monarch acting as the head of a national religious institution or claiming to have divine sanction for their rule. The monarch ceded some power in 2010, although the hereditary nobles continue to exercise significant power in government. Authoritarian - a form of government in which state authority is imposed onto many aspects of citizens' lives. The figurehead monarch is Queen Elizabeth II who appoints the governor-general as her representative. [18] With few exceptions, the monarch is bound by constitutional convention to act on the advice of the Government. [2] [3] Two of these are constitutional monarchies ( Lesotho and Morocco ), in which the sovereign is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of his or her powers, and one is an absolute monarchy ( Eswatini ), in which the sovereign rules without bounds. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991); the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings operate by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative parties at annual Treaty meetings; by January 2022, there were 54 treaty member nations: 29 consultative and 25 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 22 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; measures adopted at these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK; nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998), China (1983/1985), Czechia (1962/2014), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), Iceland (2015), Kazakhstan (2015), North Korea (1987), Malaysia (2011), Monaco (2008), Mongolia (2015), Pakistan (2012), Papua New Guinea (1981), Portugal (2010), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Slovenia (2019), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the International Court of Justice; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 measures adopted at treaty consultative meetings and approved by governments; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment and includes five annexes that have entered into force: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management; a sixth annex addressing liability arising from environmental emergencies has yet to enter into force; the Protocol prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system, parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, federal parliamentary democracyunder a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, parliamentary democracyunder a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, parliamentary republic; a Commonwealth realm, presidential republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship, federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy, federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution, parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK, non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia, Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidencynote: a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the "TRNC, which is recognized only by Turkey, parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK, parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark, parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France, parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK, parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut), unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches, parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation), ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an "absolute monarchy", presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey), dictatorship, single-party state; official state ideology of "Juche" or "national self-reliance", executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, federal parliamentary constitutional monarchynote: all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka (Malacca) and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by the federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls), mixed presidential-parliamentary system in free association with the US, federal republic in free association with the US, parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France, non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia; note - the Norfolk Island Regional Council, which began operations 1 July 2016, is responsible for planning and managing a variety of public services, including those funded by the Government of Australia, a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches, presidential republic in free association with the US, unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; note - reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950, parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France, federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, federal republic (formally a confederation), presidential republic; highly authoritarian regime, parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm, presidential republic; highly authoritarian, parliamentary democracy (Territorial Assembly); overseas collectivity of France, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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