And we all need university research to be as relevant to wider society as possible". We report here studies which characterize more fully the specific binding properties and the functional responses of T. mentagrophytes and taxonomically related fungi to a series of mammalian steroid hormones. We have described previously a progesterone-binding protein (PBP) in cytoplasmic extracts of T. mentagrophytes and hypothesized that progesterone mediates growth inhibition by binding to the PBP of this organism. Elevated levels of MMP-9 were detectable by day 3, continued to increase through day 10, and declined by day 15 after infection. In summary, these data indicate that the risk factor for aspergillosis associated with DEX could be lessened in the pulmonary compartment with GM-CSF. Alice Roberts and David Stevens have been married for 22 years. However, pioneering studies using Aspergillus particulate forms or homogenates, and recently, recombinant proteins, have demonstrated feasibility. A new approach has been to complex the drug with lipids or entrap it in liposomes. An exposure-response relationship was suggested by pharmacokinetic analyses.Although the study predates extensive use of echinocandins and voriconazole, these findings demonstrate that posaconazole is an alternative to salvage therapy for patients with invasive aspergillosis who are refractory to or intolerant of previous antifungal therapy. SP-D was detected by anti-SP-D antibody on BALF-treated unwashed B. dermatitidis in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Ravuconazole (RCZ) was evaluated for efficacy in comparison to fluconazole (FCZ) and itraconazole (ITZ) in murine models of disseminated histoplasmosis. David Stevens Research Project Manager at Utah Department of Transportation. Gastrointestinal and endocrinologic toxicity were dose related and increased at doses greater than 800 mg. Particularly, Rawlsian political liberalism, anti-perfectionism, children's education, religious disobedience. MICA given at 1 mg/kg significantly prolonged survival over the saline controls (P = 0.008). And finally what do you see when you look in the mirror? View details for Web of Science ID 000186262900004, View details for Web of Science ID 000184264100014. She's a mother to two children and holds a post as Professor of Public Engagement in Science at the University of Birmingham. In coccidioidomycosis, serology is the exemplar for all mycology. AmBi in combination with MICA or CAS showed a trend toward enhanced activity, but the combination was not significantly superior to monotherapy. > present (Member of the Advisory Board of the Cheltenham Festival of Science) and [????] View details for PubMedID 19464548, View details for DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.030, View details for Web of Science ID 000267459900022, View details for DOI 10.1007/s10096-008-0688-y, View details for Web of Science ID 000266372700026. > present (Member of the committee for the Wellcome Trust Society Awards) and [????] A total of 3714 biallelic markers, spaced about every 3.5 kilobases, were identified by analyzing the patterns obtained when total genomic DNA from two different strains of yeast was hybridized to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Dexamethasone (DEX) is a potent immunosuppressive agent used in the treatment of several disorders. Stevens, D. A., Clemons, K. V., Levine, H. B., Pappagianis, D., Baron, E. J., Hamilton, J. R., Deresinski, S. C., Johnson, N. Genomic DNA microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro. Many fungi have been shown to use hormonal (pheromonal) fungal molecules for intercellular communication, and there are increasing numbers of examples of interactions between mammalian hormones and fungi, including the specific binding of mammalian hormones by fungal proteins, and suggestions of mammalian hormonal modulation of fungal behavior. Caspofungin was then added with or without serum, and the germlings were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Human serum (5%) in RPMI 1640 alone did not significantly inhibit the growth of A. fumigatus in vitro. We found that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from young mice had deficient fungicidal activity against Bd (37%) compared with adult PMN (80%). View David Stevens's Family Tree and History, Ancestry and Genealogy. Y-related genes, -1,3-glucan synthase, mannosyltransferase and Y20, demonstrated low or delayed expression in E(2)-treated cultures. When lungs of surviving mice were cultured, the 0.1 microg regimen resulted in fewer (P<0.02) cfu. Murine BAM killed Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by 33 +/- 4% (mean +/- SD) in a 2.5-h assay, unaffected by GM-CSF treatment. An overarching theme of my work has been the proper place of religion within politics and society. 3M-003 did not directly enhance the candidacidal activity of monocytes or neutrophils. Four years later amphotericin B followed, which is still the historical standard against which new systemic antifungals are compared. DNA sequences with trinucleotide repeats were selected from the C. parapsilosis genome database. photos, PMNs alone, added to hyphae, inhibited growth by 19% in the subsequent 20 h. Hyphae generated in the presence of micafungin (0.10 microg/ml) and subsequently cultured with micafungin for 24 h inhibited growth by 64%. 1891. Of the 19 proposed Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates [group I by internally transcribed spacer (ITS1) sequence], the most commonly encountered species, 17 were RFLP type VII-1. Resistance problems with caspofungin, an echinocandin inhibitor of fungal cell wall glucan synthesis, have been rare. This easy-to-read presentation articulates how strategic thinking and group problem solving can be exploited on major infrastructure projects., Malcolm Pearson Kline, Y., Clemons, K. V., Woods, L., Stevens, D. A., Tell, L. A. Cryptococcosis as a complication of the immunocompromised host has dramatically increased in frequency since the start of the AIDS epidemic. Adjunctive therapy (particularly surgery and combination chemotherapy, also immunotherapy), may be useful in certain situations (CIII). 18) Stevens was a significant contributor to the archaeological field and is noted for being the first curator of Reading Museum. View details for Web of Science ID 000220735200015. In contrast, four of seven controls showed mild to severe meningitis, with arteritis detected in three animals. Little is known about the immune response induced by HKY vaccination, consequently our goal was to do an analysis of HKY-induced immune responses involved in protection. Almost all models are murine, with 1 rabbit model; and 2 avian models (in collaboration with Veterinary School, Univ. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible." On the other hand, in another compartment GM-CSF could not block the DEX reduction of spleen weight and spleen cellularity. Because it is highly lethal in the immunocompromised host, even in the face of therapy, work-up must be prompt and aggressive, and therapy may need to be initiated upon suspicion of the diagnosis, without definitive proof (BIII). FK alone at 10 mg/kg of body weight/dose prolonged survival (P = 0.01) and reduced CFU in the brain and kidney. This showed GM-CSF reverses the immunosuppressive effect of DEX by enhancing the degradation of IkappaB and promoting the translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. 2nd year: Hydrodynamics. Systemically administered itraconazole, like other Hh pathway antagonists, can suppress Hh pathway activity and the growth of medulloblastoma in a mouse allograft model and does so at serum levels comparable to those in patients undergoing antifungal therapy. Discoveries included extensive Bronze Age remains relating to settlement, industry and funerary activity and a large and well preserved late medieval fish weir. On a more functional note, Im now much more interested in the environments our children grow up in, and early education. Regulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or steroids given in vivo of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by bronchoalveolar macrophages in response to Aspergillus conidia, A murine model of coccidioidal meningitis. Marked CFU reduction by AmBisome at 3 mg/kg occurred in association with relatively more intense inflammation. BAM from CD-1 mice were stimulated with B. dermatitidis without or with normal BALF, surfactant protein A-deficient (SP-A-/-) or surfactant protein D-deficient (SP-D-/-) BALF, or a mixture of SP-A-/- and SP-D-/- BALF. [1] He has been heralded by past curator of natural history at Reading Museum, David Norton, for his approach towards curating, citing that he can be perceived as a "pioneer in seeing museums not as cabinets of curiosities but as places of education and particularly of their localities" after discussing how Stevens refused a chipped off stone fragment from Stonehenge out of concern that it would promote further destruction. The median time of onset from transplantation for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was 46 days, but the median time to first positive culture result was 104 days among patients with Aspergillus colonization but no invasive disease. The combination of HK-Bd and mouse serum resulted in more IL-6 production than either component alone. Four of seven single gene phylogenies examined (chs2, drk1, pyrF, and its-2) supported the separation of Phylogenetic Species 1 (PS1) and Phylogenetic Species 2 (PS2) which were also well differentiated in the concatenated chs2-drk1-fads-pyrF-tub1-arf6-its2 genealogy with all isolates falling into one of two evolutionarily independent lineages. Detection of glucan in blood has been achieved using crab amoebocyte lysate. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.00530-06, View details for Web of Science ID 000239640400008, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1538686. Infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia (C) or mycelial (M) fragments, which subsequently differentiate into yeast (Y). Signs and symptoms are non-specific, colonization is difficult to distinguish from invasive disease, blood cultures are commonly negative and patients are often unable to undergo invasive diagnostic procedures. Ravuconazole showed dose-responsive improvement of clearance of CFU. His methods were remarkably effective in drawing out the real issues, enabling considerable progress to be made., M.M.E. New information has come from transgenic animals and recombinant fungal and host molecules. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780600810040 PMN donors given 100 g/kg recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 10 days yielded 11 10(7) to 13.6 10(7) WBC/ml (81 to 87% PMNs). ITZ pharmacokinetic parameters for both suspensions in mallard ducks were similar and the bioassay successfully measured ITZ equivalents in plasma samples from ducks. Mice were infected intracranially and treated for 4 days with CAS (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of body weight/day) or amphotericin B (AMB) (3 mg/kg/day) starting 1 day postinfection. Isolates were recovered from multiple body sites of 23 patients (n = 180) from 1994 to 1995 and from 29 patients (n = 45) from 1997 to 2002; these plus 2 from the hospital kitchen were identified as S. cerevisiae. Space-X continues to reach for the stars. Related species, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis, were not confused with C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: An international consensus. Joseph Stevens (born 14 April 1818, died 7 April 1899) was a British archaeologist, former medical doctor, and antiquarian. Sixty isolates were grouped on the basis of the presence (group B) or absence (group A) of a 3-kb band. Metabolite assays appeared promising but have not been pursued commercially. This approach has already been demonstrated to be of benefit with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor adjunct therapy of human candidiasis. Capilla, J., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Efficacy of amphotericin B lipid complex in a rabbit model of coccidioidal meningitis. View details for PubMedID 11248522, View details for Web of Science ID 000167613000005. shared a link: https://www.allmovie.com/artist/alice-roberts-p60583. Clinical assessments were done daily; cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were obtained on day 15 and upon euthanasia. Correlation of the frequency of petite formation by isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with virulence. Micafungin at 0.01 or 0.10 microg/ml and PMNs resulted in additive inhibition, 82% and 99%, respectively. de Pauw, B., Walsh, T. J., Donnelly, J. P., Stevens, D. A., Edwards, J. E., Calandra, T., Pappas, P. G., Maertens, J., Lortholary, O., Kauffman, C. A., Denning, D. W., Patterson, T. F., Maschmeyer, G., Bille, J., Dismukes, W. E., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W. W., Kibbler, C. C., Kullberg, B. J., Marr, K. A., Munoz, P., Odds, F. C., Perfect, J. R., Restrepo, A., Ruhnke, M., Segal, B. H., Sobel, J. D., Sorrell, T. C., Viscoli, C., Wingard, J. R., Zaoutis, T., Bennett, J. E. Comparison of lipid amphotericin B preparations in treating murine zygomycosis. The pharmacokinetics for both conventional and intermittent dosing were linear. My main teaching contributions are within the areas of: 3. Utah Department of Transportation. No survivors were cured in both kidneys and brain, but each formulation showed efficacy, especially in the kidneys. Many of the latter patients are in the intensive care unit. Extraordinary results are gained in such a short period of time., Tony Roberts, Managing Director, South Pacific Corporate Limited, Dr Stevens has acted as a facilitator in a number of situations where the relationships between the various parties were difficult and complex. View details for DOI 10.1007/s11046-007-9054-3, View details for Web of Science ID 000250308200005. Given the greater than 90% lethality of clinical central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis despite current therapies, there is a need for an animal model to study therapeutic strategies. 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